禽用DNA疫苗免疫效果增强的策略

摘要

DNA vaccination is a promising alternative strategy for developing new human and animal vaccines. The massive efforts made these past 25 years to increase the immunizing potential of this kind of vaccine are still ongoing. A relatively small number of studies concerning poultry have been published. In this review, strategies designed to improve DNA vaccine efficacy will be described:influence of the route of administration, plasmid dose and age of birds on their first inoculation, increasing plasmid uptake by host cells, addition of immunomodulators; optimization of plasmid backbones and codon usage, association of vaccine antigens and finally, heterologous prime-boost regimens.%对于人和动物的传染病来说，DNA疫苗免疫是一种很有希望的免疫方式。经过25年的发展，已经上市的核酸疫苗仍屈指可数。禽用核酸疫苗一直是禽类疫苗的研究热点，文中描述提高核酸疫苗免疫效果的方式：接种途径，疫苗剂量及首免时间，增加宿主细胞对质粒的摄入，添加免疫增强分子，优化质粒骨架和密码子，疫苗抗原的选择，异源性的首免-加强免疫策略。