在职人群身体活动社会心理因素量表的修订及信效度评价

摘要

目的 修订在职人群身体活动社会心理因素量表并对其进行信效度评价.方法 在参考国外有关量表的基础上,通过对7名专家、3名企业健康专员及10名员工代表的访谈,初步筛选问卷条目.采用方便抽样的方法,在上海市某科研院所中选取100名员工进行问卷调查；采用同质性信度、重测信度和分半信度进行信度评价,采用内容效度和结构效度进行效度评价.结果 总量表最终保留了38个条目,分为自我效能、社会支持、决定平衡、改变策略之认知策略、改变策略之行为策略、家庭周边环境以及工作情况共计7个分量表.信度方面,各分量表的Cronbach'α系数为0.540～0.911；除了决定平衡分量表的阻碍因素维度外,其余6个分量表的重测信度均＞0.5；分半信度方面,除家庭周边环境分量表外,其余分量表的分半信度均＞0.7.效度方面,各分量表的表面效度较好,专家评分为3.84～4.53.因子分析结果表明,各分量表的结构效度较好,累积方差贡献率均＞50％.结论 对于文化程度较高的脑力劳动者,该量表具有较好的信度和效度,但考虑研究本身的局限性,所以该量表能否作为评价在职人群身体活动社会心理因素的有效工具,还有待进一步研究.%Objective To develop a psychosocial determinants scale of physical activity for employees and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods Seven specialists,3 health officials and 10 employee representatives were interviewed to select initial items based on reviewing foreign related literature.A convenient sample of 100 employees from an institute in Shanghai was investigated.The internal consistent reliability,test-retest reliability,split-half reliability,content validity,and construct validity of the scale were examined.Results The total scale including 38 items was divided into 7 subscales,self-efficacy subscale,social support subscale,decisional balance subscale,cognitive change strategy subscale,behavioral change strategy subscale,neighborhood environment subscale and workplace context subscale.The Cronbach'α coefficient of all the subscales ranged 0.540-0.911.Except for the cons dimension of decisional balance subscale,test-retest reliability of the other subscales was above 0.5.Except for the neighborhood environment scale,the split-half reliability of the other subscales was above 0.7.The scores of the specialists and health workers ranged 3.84-4.53,indicating the total scale had good content validity.The factor analysis indicated that contributing rate of cumulative sums of squares was above 50％,indicating that the total scale had good construct validity.Conclusions For the well-educated employees,the total scale has good reliability and validity.Considering the limitations of the study,more researches should be done to examine whether the scale can be used as an effective tool for assessing psychosocial determinants scale of physical activity for employees.