海河干流浮游植物群落结构特征研究张萍1，2，刘宪斌1，李宝华2，白明2，李彤2，王娟娟2

摘要

The phytoplankton community in mainstream of Haihe River was investigated and monitored from 2009 to 2013 at the end of spring, the middle of summer and the beginning of antumn.The species composition, abundance and bio-mass, dominant species, community structure, diversity of phytoplankton, seasonal and interannual variation was ana-lyzed.Nain reasons for changes in phytoplankton diversity were discussed, The significance of the abundance and biomass difference between different years was analyzed by ANOVA, and water quality was evaluated by comprehensive pollution index ( Margalef) .The results showed that: the plankton community in Haihe River belonged to 8 phyla, 92 genus and 181 species, among them, Chlorophyta was the dominant phytoplankton, followed by Cay nophyta and Bacilal riohp yta. The dominant species included Scne ed esmus quadricauda, Chlorella vulgaris, Oocystis sp., Selenastrum sp., Caeteria sp in Chlorophyta;Microcystis sp., Phormidium tenue, Spirulina sp., Oscillatoria sp., Dactylococcopsis sp.in Cyanophy-ta; Cyclotella sp., Nitzschia sp., Navicula sp.in Bacillariophyta and Cryptomonas erosa, Cryptomonas ovata in Crypto-phyta.In the five years, the number of abundance had been reduced year by year, which was consistent with the bio-mass.Interannual variation of abundance reached the highest (14936.63 ×104 cells/L) in May, 2009, and the lowest at 493.6 ×104 cells/L in May, 2013.The maximum biomass was 206.82 mg/L, and the minimum was 4.74 mg/L.ANO-VA analysis indicated that the abundance and biomass were not affected by years (P>0.05).By the analysis of average value, it was known that Shannon-Wiener′s index H′was at a medium level and Margalef′s richness index d decreased year by year, and Peilou′s evenness index J increased year by year.The unconventionality of phytoplankton multiplication led to lower diversity, species imbalance, unstability of community.According to the Margalef′method, Haihe River be-longed toαmid-heavy filth type.Combining with the environmental factors, biological reasons were diswssed.Further, a rationalization suggestion was proposed to repair the water quality of Haihe River.%2009—2013年选取春末、夏中、秋初3个季节对海河干流浮游植物进行连续5年的调查与监测，系统分析了海河干流浮游植物种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种、优势度、群落结构以及生物多样性组成，探讨其变化趋势和主要原因，运用单因子方差分析（ ANOVA）分别对各年度间密度和生物量进行差异显著性检验，并利用马加利夫（ Margalef）物种丰富度指数对水质状况进行了评价。结果表明：海河干流浮游植物隶属8门92属181种。绿藻门在细胞密度和种类组成上都占绝对优势，其次为蓝藻门和硅藻门。主要优势种为：绿藻门的四尾栅藻、小球藻、卵囊藻、月牙藻和卡德藻；蓝藻门的微囊藻、胶鞘藻、螺旋藻、颤藻和蓝纤维藻；硅藻门的小环藻、菱形藻和舟形藻；隐藻门的啮蚀隐藻和卵形隐藻。海河干流浮游植物密度和生物量整体变化呈逐年下降的趋势。密度以2009年5月最高，为14936.63×104 cells／L，而在2013年5月最低，为493.6×104 cells ／L；生物量峰值为206.82 mg／L，最低值为4.74 mg／L。经ANOVA检验，这两者在各年份间的差异均不显著（P＞0.05）；五年间，浮游植物群落多样性指数变化不大，基本持平，丰富度指数呈逐年下降趋势，均匀度呈逐年上升态势。海河干流浮游植物多样性指数较低，群落稳定性较差。丰富度指数分析表明，海河干流的水质处于α中污—重污型阶段。