Analysis on environmental regulation policy mechanism shows that endogenous regulation originates from market failure in the field of environment, exogenous policy originates from the government failure. Reviewing the evolution of environmental regulation policy from 1978 to 2016, we find that to cope with the increasingly pressure on resources and environment, China's environmental regulation policy has changed from the command-control regulation to diversified regulation. Along with the logical thinking of"policy goal—insti-tutional arrangement—policy measures—environmental problem—regulation policy", this paper finds that the environmental problems and the emergence of regulatory policy tools in different stages are not accidental, but inevitable results of a series of institutional ar-rangements under the goal of social and economic development policy. The mechanism of environmental regulation policy and its changes since the reform and opening up enlighten that the government should not only strengthen endogenous regulation policy to correct market failures, but also need to improve exogenous regulation policy to avoid government failure.%环境规制政策作用机理显示内生性政策源于环境领域的市场失灵,外生性政策源于环境领域的政府失灵.回顾1978—2016年环境规制政策演进的历程可以清晰地看到,为应对日益严峻的资源环境压力,中国环境规制政策经历了从命令-控制型规制政策主导到多元化规制政策和谐共生演变.从政策目标-制度安排-政策举措-资源环境问题-规制政策的逻辑思路看,不同时期环境规制政策的形成不是偶然的,而是社会经济发展目标指向下的一系列制度安排的必然结果.环境规制政策作用机理与变迁实践的考察表明,政府在强化内生性规制政策、 矫正市场失灵的同时,需重视完善外生性规制政策,规避政府失灵.
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