露天煤矿废弃地植被恢复过程中土壤理化性质及物种多样性特征

摘要

In this paper, waste land of Xigangzi opencast coal mine in Gongbiela river basin was used as research object. The issues of vegetation recovery related to wasted lands was explored by soil physical and chemical properties and species diversity characteristics. The results showed as followed : ( 1 ) The soil bulk density and non -capillary porosity were highest in gangue dam, then in farmland, and lest in wetland. While, other soil physical properties were absolutely opposite, which were highest in wetland, then in farmland and lest in gangue dam. (2) The total concentration of K were difference in 0. 75 - 1.4 times, while the total concentration of N and P were almost difference in 5 - 10 times, and the concentrations of organic matter, available P and K were difference at least 10 times among the gangue dam, farmland and wetland sold. (3) It was showed that, low effective nutrient was a major limited factor by comparative analysis of soil physical and chemical properties during the vegetation recovery process. (4) We selected the sea buckthoru and native pioneer species as the best shrubs and herbs in the study area respectively during the vegetation recovery process. (5) The mode of vegetation recovery in the study area which shrubs were the most important and the herbs were auxiliary and the enhanced measure of nurturing and management during the vegetation recovery process were proposed.%通过对公别拉河流域西岗子露天煤矿废弃地的土壤理化性质测定、物种多样性调查及植被恢复相关问题研究的结果表明：土壤容重和非毛管孔隙度：矸石坝〉农田〉湿地，其他物理性质指标：湿地〉农田〉矸石坝；在矸石坝、农田和湿地土壤中，全钾含量相差0．75～1．4倍，全磷、全氮含量相差5～10倍，有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量至少相差10倍，且矸石坝土壤中未检测出水解氮；有效养分低是矿山废弃地植被恢复的主要限制因素；选择沙棘作为研究区域内植被恢复的最佳灌木，草本则为本土先锋物种；建议在本研究区域内植被恢复采用灌丛为主、草本为辅的模式，并在植被恢复过程中要加强人工抚育和管理措施。