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河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）

河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）

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Journal of Henan Polytechnic University(Natural Science)
本刊为河南省教育委员会主管、焦作工学院主办的煤矿开采类学术性刊物，面向国内外公开发行，是国内外多家数据库和文摘刊物的重要收录源刊，《中国矿业文摘》中文常用核心期刊。
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  • 主管单位：河南理工大学
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河南理工大学学报（自然科学版） >2023年第6期

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  • 摘要：为更好地理解矿区土壤退化机理,选择焦作采煤沉陷区4种代表性土壤景观即有裂缝耕地、无裂缝耕地、有裂缝林地、无裂缝林地,评价土地利用与裂缝对沉陷土壤养分的影响.沉陷区耕地与林地2种利用方式中土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量差异不显著(P＞0.05),但裂缝有无对这3个养分参数影响显著(P＜0.05);土地利用方式(耕地、林地)与裂缝因素(裂缝有无)之间的交互作用对SOC含量影响显著(P＜0.05).沉陷区SOC,TN,TP含量均表现为:无裂缝的林地与耕地＞有裂缝的林地与耕地(P＜0.05).与对照区相比,4种景观的SOC含量均显著下降(P＜0.05),TN,TP仅在有裂缝的耕地与林地显著降低(P＜0.05).研究结果表明,裂缝加剧了沉陷区耕地与林地的土壤C,N,P库损失,尤其是C库损失.在有裂缝情况下,沉陷耕地-林地转变降低土壤C库损失,但在无裂缝情况下,该转变加剧土壤C库损失.%In ovder to fully understand of land degradation in mining areas,four representative soil landscapes were selected from mining subsidence areas of Jiaozuo mine,including cultivated lands with fissures,cultivated lands without fissure,woodlands with fissures,and woodlands without fissure.Soil sampling and determination of organic carbon (SOC),total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) were carried out.There was no significant difference in soil organic carbon (SOC),total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) contents between cultivated lands and woodlands (P ＜ 0.05),whereas the three nutrients were significantly affected by fissure factor (i.e.fissure and no fissure) (P ＞ 0.05).The apparent interactions of land-use (i.e.cultivated land and woodland) and fissure factor on SOC were also found in subsidence soil landscapes (P ＜ 0.05).The SOC,TN and TP contents were higher in woodlands and cultivated lands without fissure than those in woodlands and cultivated lands with fissure (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control field,i.e.a non-subsidence cropland nearby these subsidence landscapes,the four soil landscapes showed significantly lower SOC contents (P ＜ 0.05).However,a significant decrease in both TN and TP contents was observed only in cultivated lands with fissures and woodlands with fissures.The results suggest that ground fissures accelerated the depletion of soil C,N and P pools in both subsidence cultivated lands and woodlands,especially for the C pool depletion.In the case of being fissures,the conversion of woodlands from cultivated lands may reduce C pool depletion in subsidence mine soil.In the circumstance of being no fissure,in contrast,the conversion increase soil C pool depletion.
  • 摘要：With the growth scale of coal bed methane (CBM) industry,high cost of electricity caused by high energy consumption in the process of CBM extraction has became critical issue which restricts the sustainable development of CBM industry.According to the present situation on seriously unreasonable use of electricity,key energy-saving technologies involved in ground power supply system for CBM extraction were expounded.Furthermore,combined with the field conditions of CBM extraction,the novel ground power supply system of DC microgrid for CBM extraction was proposed,and several key technologies in the implementation were summarized and investigated.At last the feasibility of implementing the ground power supply system of DC microgrid for CBM extraction was analyzed and overviewed.%随着煤层气产业规模日益扩大,煤层气抽采过程中的高能耗引起的高用电成本已成为制约煤层气产业可持续发展的首要问题.针对传统煤层气抽采地面交流供电系统用电严重不合理现状,首先阐述了传统煤层气抽采地面交流供电系统所涉及的节能关键技术,结合煤层气抽采现场实际,初步提出了新型煤层气抽采地面直流微网供电系统方案,并对该方案实施中的几项关键技术进行总结与探讨,最后对煤层气抽采地面直流微网供电系统方案实施的可行性进行了分析与展望.
  • 摘要：为研究结构方程模型的偏最小二乘回归在成分数据中的应用,利用旅游业投资、接待能力以及发展三者之间的关系进行模型分析.通过将偏最小二乘回归应用于成分数据中,提出了新的修正加权符号权重和,进而得出潜变量的估计值.研究结果表明,通过修正后的加权符号权重和,使得模型中显变量的拟合效果更好,且通过分析相关系数可知新模型结果与实际情况更符,即旅游投资主要通过影响旅游接待能力促进旅游业发展.%In order to study the application of partial least squares regression of structural equation model in the compositional data,this model is analyzed through the relationship among investment,reception capacity and development of tourism.Based on the analysis of available PLS in compositional data,a new weight of sign weighted sum is proposed,and the estimated value of the latent variables also can be obtained.The results show that by correct of the weighted sign weighted sum,the fitting effect of the explicit variables in the model is better,then by analyzing the correlation coefficient,the results of the model are fit with the actual result,that is,tourism investment is mainly through the influence of tourism reception capacity to promote the development of tourism.
  • 摘要：Low pressure and water-sensitive tight gas reservoir,conventional hydraulic fracturing can easily cause water lock damage and the post-fracturing gel broken fluid was difficult to flow back,which results in production decline.Here,CO2 foam hydraulic fracturing techniques was studied.The techniques included development of acid CO2 foam fracturing fluids,selection of pumping string and injection scheme,optimization design of variable foam quality with variable flow rate,and supporting measures to improve the fracture conductivity.An example in No.11-52-65 well of Sulige gas field,fracturing treatment was successfully carried out in the gas field.The proppant amount achieved up to 49.2 m3 for a single layer.The gel breaking liquid flow back completely without pumping.The daily gas output 2.2 times that of the average single well production in this gas field.The results of empirical study confirmed the effectiveness of the optimization design method and the supporting measures,and it shows the good application prospect of CO2 foam fracturing in low pressure tight gas reservoir.%对低压致密、水敏性气藏,常规水基压裂开采存在水锁损害严重、压裂液返排难度大等问题,严重影响气井产量,采用CO2泡沫压裂开采工艺是提高该类气藏产量的有效途径,为此开展了CO2泡沫压裂技术研究,包括CO2泡沫压裂液酸性交联技术、注入方式优化技术、变排量变泡沫质量设计方法和提高裂缝导流能力配套措施.以苏里格气田苏11-52-65井为例,采用优化的CO2泡沫压裂技术,完成了单层加砂49.2 m3的较大规模施工,压后破胶液实现了完全自喷快速返排,日产气量达到苏里格气田平均单井日产气量的2.2倍,证实了该优化设计方法和配套措施的有效性,也显示出CO2泡沫压裂工艺在开采低压致密气藏中的良好应用前景.
  • 摘要：为探讨不同植被恢复类型对矿山废弃地土壤理化性质的影响,对焦作缝山公园5种不同植被类型土壤理化性质与裸尾矿进行差异性、相关性、主成分分析.研究结果表明:植被恢复能明显改善土壤理化性质,改善效果与植被类型有关;植被恢复后,土壤有机质和养分质量分数明显增加,土壤有机质质量分数提高了5.04~9.57倍,全磷质量分数提高了1.44~1.96倍,全钾质量分数为裸尾矿的1.76~1.92倍,全氮质量分数为裸尾矿的1.56~2.11倍,速效钾质量分数达到裸尾矿的2.32~4.32倍,不同植被恢复类型土壤有机质和养分质量分数均呈现显著性差异;土壤全氮与有机质、铵态氮之间存在极显著正相关关系,与硝态氮之间均存在一定相关性,表明土壤氮素主要以有机氮的形式存在于有机质中;土壤有机质与全氮、全钾和速效钾之间均呈极显著正相关关系,表明土壤有机质与其具有相同的消涨趋势;土壤全钾与其他理化指标均有良好相关性,表明全钾对土壤养分质量分数具有明显的指示作用;土壤全氮与pH、电导率之间呈极显著负相关,表明土壤盐碱化会导致土壤氮素贫乏;草地对尾矿土壤理化性质综合改良效果最好,其次为常绿针叶林,落叶阔叶林和灌木林对土壤的改良效果较小,针阔混交林对土壤的改良效果不明显.%In order to investigate the effects of different types of vegetation restoration on the soil physical and chemical properties of mine wasteland,five kinds of soils from different vegetation restoration types were investigated and compared with bare tail mine in Jiaozuo Fengshan park.The differences of soil physical and chemical properties under different vegetation restoration types were compared by single factor analysis of variance.The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated and the soil quality of different vegetation restoration types was analyzed by principal component analysis.The results showed that:(1)vegetation restoration could effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties,and the improvements are related to vegetation types.(2)compared with bare tailings,soil organic matter and nutrient contents increased significantly.Soil organic matter content increased by 5.04~9.57 times,the total P content increased by 1.44~1.96 times,the total K content was about 1.76~1.92 times of the bare tailings,the total N content was about 1.56~2.11 times of the bare tailings,the available P content is 2.32~4.32 times that of the bare tailings.The soil organic matter and nutrient contents of different vegetation restoration types showed significant difference.(3)there was a significant positive correlation between soil total nitrogen and organic matter and ammonium nitrogen,and there was a certain correlation with nitrate nitrogen,indicating that soil nitrogen was mainly present in organic matter in the form of organic nitrogen.There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and total N,total K and available K,indicating that soil organic matter had the same trend of increasing consumption.Besides,there was a good correlation between soil total potassium and other physical and chemical indexes,indicating that total potassium had obvious indication on soil nutrient content.In addition,there was a significant negative correlation between soil total nitrogen and pH and conductivity,indicating that soil salinization could lead to soil nitrogen deficiency.(4) the improvement effect of grassland on soil physical and chemical properties was the best,followed by evergreen coniferous forest,deciduous broad~leaved forest and shrub forest had little effect on soil improvement,and the effect of coniferous and broad~leaved mixed forest on soil is not obvious.
  • 摘要：Current constellation structure of high frequency signal chaos mobile network demodulation process has problem of the projection of high complexity and low efficiency problem of signal analysis.The chaotic signal demodulation algorithm of super high frequency mobile fluid mechanism was proposed based on geometric projection vector.The super fluid geometric projection mechanism was constructed based on 3D rotation vector plane projection method with orthogonal to each other and obtain constellation receiver,as well as the access efficiency of the reference vector was improved based on orthogonal projection plane.According to the superfluid constellation receiving structure characteristics and based on the way of receiving node loop receiving hierarchy,a performance ranking method is introduced to reduce the signal interference phenomenon.Using the signal vector mapping method to build decision signal vector and using linear mode to decompose the received signal,which effectively avoid the received signal in the control domain of the rotating projection overlap and high chaotic noise.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better anti noise and anti-fading performance compared with the current high temperature super high order random signal demodulation algorithm.%针对当前高频混沌移动网络信号解调过程中存在星座结构辨析困难、投影复杂度高和信号解析效率低等难题,提出了基于超流体几何投影矢量机制的高频混沌移动信号解调算法.基于互相正交的三维旋转矢量平面投影方式,构建超流体几何投影机制,并获取星座接收结构,且将接收信号进行基于正交平面方式的投影分解,提高对基准矢量的获取效率.根据超流体星座接收结构特征,按环状接收方式对接收节点进行层次排列,并引入性能排序方式降低信号互相干扰现象.依据信号矢量映射方式构建信号裁决矢量,采用线性方式对独立同分布的接收信号进行分解,有效避免接收信号投影在旋转控制域上的重叠和高混沌噪声干扰.仿真实验表明,与当前混合噪声自旋解调算法、高频超高阶随机信号解调算法对比,本文算法具有更强的抗噪和抗衰落性能.
  • 摘要：各大中小城市通过开展地下交通工程缓解地面交通压力,但地铁路线多选在已建的市政道路下,故而必然对既有管线带来影响.有些管线被迫迁徙,但由于客观条件当其无法迁徙时,必须采取合理的施工方案约束地表和管线变形.以西安地铁3号区间隧道为研究对象,首先采取经验法计算单线隧道引发的地表沉降,然后基于叠加原理预测双线隧道对地表沉降曲线的影响,之后利用FLAC3D模拟不同浅埋暗挖工艺对地表和既有管线变形的影响.理论分析及数值模拟结果均表明,双线隧道引发的地表沉降呈"U"型曲线分布,且沉降槽宽度影响范围和地表沉降均较单线大;有限元结果亦表明,环形开挖预留核心土法宜作为该区间隧道的施工方法.最后通过现场监测分析表明,该施工方法能有效降低地表沉降和管线变形,对黄土地区该类隧道工程具有一定的指导意义和借鉴价值.%In order to ease the traffic pressure on the ground surface,majority cities develop the underground engineering.However the subway always is built under the municipal roads,and the pipeline under the ground is inevitablely effected.Some pipelines are need be migrated.In some cases,pipelines can not be migrated due to the objective conditions.Therefore,rational construction measures should be taken to ensure the surface sedimentation and the surrounding pipelines displacement within allowable standard range.Based on Xi'an metro 3 tunnel,firstly the surface sedimentation of the single tunnel are calculated by taking the experience method,and then the settlement of the double line are drawn by using the superposition principle.Secondly the surface sedimentation and the resulted pipeline deformation are studied by employing the different excavation methods based on the FLAC3D simulation model.The theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation results show that the surface subsidence of the double line tunnel is "U" and the settlement trough.The maximum surface subsidence are big than the single tunnel.Moreover,the numerical simulation results show that the ring cut method are employed by comprehensive analyzing of the other elements.Finally,the field monitoring results show that the construction method can effectively reduce the surface subsidence and its influence on both the adjacent bridge pile foundation.Our study is valuable and provide reference in guiding the tunnel project in the loess area.
  • 摘要：为有效评估巷(隧)道围岩在掘进过程中的整体稳定性,在圆形巷道经典弹塑性模型基础上,引用边坡失稳判定方法,建立圆形巷道顶底部岩体的滑动失稳破坏模型,编制一个能够对该模型进行自动快速反演分析的计算程序.自动反演分析结果表明:(1)为准确判断巷道顶底部岩体的稳定性及滑动位置,不能对推导出的巷道失稳破坏模型公式进行简化计算;(2)圆形巷道的整体稳定性将随计算厚度的增加、侧压力系数的增大以及竖向应力的减小而逐渐增大;(3)建立的滑动失稳破坏模型不仅能够定量和定性分析巷道岩体的整体稳定性,而且还能确定巷道周边岩体潜在或真正的滑动面位置.%In order to effectively assess the overall stability of surrounding rock of roadway in the excavation process,a determination method of slope instability was proposed based on the classic elastoplastic model of circular roadway.A damage analysis model caused by sliding and unstable failure of surrounding rock in the top/bottom of circular roadway was established and a calculation program which could inversion analysis the model automatically and quickly was developed.Automatic inversion results show that:(1) in order to accurately determine the slide position and the stability of surrounding rock in the top/bottom of circular roadway,the formula of unstable failure model that had been deduced could not be simplify calculated;(2) the overall stability of roadway would gradually increase with increasing calculation thickness,increasing lateral pressure coefficient and reducing vertical stress;(3) the damage analysis model established not only could quantitative and qualitative analysis of the overall stability of surrounding rock,but also could point out the potential or real slide position of surrounding rock in roadway.
  • 摘要：针对非专业用户对图像处理的需求,基于Matlab开发了B/S架构的在线数字图像处理平台.该平台采用C#.Net和Matlab混合编程方法,将Matlab的图像处理功能与.Net开发的Web网站结合起来,用户无需安装数字图像软件和掌握专业的图像处理技能,利用浏览器便可以对数字图像进行图像变换、增强、压缩、分割、缩放等处理.实验证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.%In view of the demand of image processing for non-professional user,an online digital image processing platform is developed with B/S structure based on Matlab.The platform adopts hybrid programming method with both C#.Net and Matlab.The function of digital image processing from Matlab and Web site developed by.Net is combined together to implement the quickly processing functions of the digital images on Web platform.Users could do simple image processing such as transformation,enhancement,compression,segmentation and zooming for images without installing digital image software or mastering professional skills for image processing.It is proved the feasibility and validity of the method throngh experiment.
  • 摘要：为实现对电力谐波的快速和准确检测,提出一种应用于有源滤波器中的新颖锁相环.首先对提出的锁相环性能进行分析,并设计锁相环和确定其参数,获取其Bode图和单位阶跃响应,仿真实验表明,所提锁相环在电压突变和突加谐波的情况下,相位检测不受任何影响;其次,将所提锁相环应用于特定次谐波检测,根据所提谐波分离算法完成仿真实验,仿真结果表明,特定次谐波分离幅值无偏差.与其他算法比较,此算法具有简单、谐波分离结果准确等明显优势,满足了APF实际应用中对电流检测的要求,容易由DSP 实现,具有很强的实用性.%In order to realize the rapid and accurate detection of power harmonic,a novel phase locked loop(PLL)is proposed to use in the active power filter(APF).Firstly,the performance of the PLL proposed is analyzed and the parameters are designed.Meanwhile,the Bode diagram and unit order step response are obtained.The results of simulation experiment show that the phase detection is not affected with the disturbance of voltage mutation and sudden reveal of harmonics by using the PLL proposed.Secondly,while the PLL is used in aspect of specific harmonic detection in APF,the simulation experiment is completed according to the separation algorithm of harmonic calculation proposed.The simulation results show that there is no any amplitude deviation by specific harmonic separation algorithm.The new algorithm is super to other algorithms with the characteristic of simple and accurate.It is suitable used in APF current detection and easily realizes the function of DSP in practice.
  • 摘要：In order to study stability of surrounding of strip pillar Wongawilli mining under buildings.Based on the geological conditions of Zhangcun coal mine,two kinds of tunnel layouts were put forward.Through the theoretical calculation and the numerical simulation,the stress filed,displacement field and plastic zone in the surrounding rock of different tunnel layouts were studied.Meanwhile,the movement deformation value of the surface ground after the coal mining completed and the influences to the surface buildings was calculated and analyzed.The results show that double entries and single wing mining method is better than single entry and double wings.The strip pillar Wongawilli mining technique can be used to mining face under village,effectively protect surface structures and improve the recovery rate of coal resources.%为研究建筑物下条带式Wongawilli采煤围岩稳定性,结合漳村煤矿采矿地质条件,提出2种条带式Wongawilli采煤布置方式.通过数值模拟,对比分析2种条带式Wongawilli采煤方式下工作面围岩的应力场、位移场和塑性区变化情况,并对回采结束后地表移动变形及其对建筑物的影响进行计算分析.结果表明,条带式Wongawilli开采双巷单翼布置、单巷双翼布置均能有效控制地表沉陷,不仅能够安全高效地回采煤炭资源,而且还能有效保护地表建筑物.
  • 摘要：Shale samples from lower Longmaxi Formation in Qijiang,Sanquan,Shizhu and Fuling in South-east Chongqing were selected for the study.Based on the analysis of the X-ray diffraction,TOC,brittleness test,high pressure mercury injection and low temperature nitrogen adsorption,the petrographic characteristics including mineral composition,organic characteristics,pore characteristics and brittleness of shale reservoir were studied.The perspect of reservoir petrology was evaluated and the influences of petrological characteristics on the formation mechaism of high-quality reservoirs were discussed.The results showed that mineral compositions of Longmaxi Formation shale reservoir can be divided into brittle minerals of quartz and clay minerals of illite.The content of brittle minerals at the bottom was significantly higher.The average value of TOC content is above 2% and the organic matter is over mature.The type of pores are complex and various types of pore were identified including organic nano pores,flake pores in clay mineral,dissolution pores in matrix mineral,and intergranular pores in framboidal pyrite.The main specific surface area and reservoir space were contributed by the nanoscale pores and the morpholohy characteristics of pores are sophisticated with various shapes such as parallel-plate size etc.The mechanics brittleness is good and the brittleness index is favorable for microfractures in reservoir and artificial fracturing.The lower Longmaxi Formation reservoir is high quality reservoir with special petrological characteristics which is formed in deep shelf and has experienced the late diagenesis stage,and therefore have suitable mineral compositions with developed nanopores,microfractures and good mechanics brittleness.Shale reservoir material compositions are the basis for the formation of high quality reservoir.The study is significance to explore the formation mechanism of physical characteristics and its control factors from the angle of the petrological characteristics in reservoir research.%以渝东南綦江、南川、石柱及涪陵的龙马溪组下部页岩为例,通过X射线衍射、氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜、TOC、脆性力学、高压压汞实验、低温氮吸附实验等测试手段,综合探明页岩储层矿物组分、有机质特征、孔隙特征、力学脆性等岩石学特征,对储层进行岩石学角度的评价,并讨论岩石学特征对优质储层形成的影响.结果显示:龙马溪组下部页岩储层岩石矿物组分可以分为以石英为主的脆性矿物和以伊利石为主的黏土矿物,底部脆性矿物含量更高;TOC平均值高于2%,达到过成熟阶段;孔隙类型复杂,识别出有机质纳米孔、黏土矿物片状孔、骨架矿物溶蚀孔等多种形貌-成因孔隙,纳米孔提供了主要的比表面积和储集空间;孔隙形貌复杂,发育平行板状等多种形态类型;岩石力学脆性较好,有利于微裂隙发育与压裂造缝.研究区龙马溪组下部页岩形成于深海陆棚相,经历了晚成岩作用阶段,矿物组分适宜,纳米孔、微裂隙发育,具有较好的力学脆性,是具有特殊岩石学特征的优质页岩气储层.页岩储层的岩石物质组成特征是优质储层形成的基础,从岩石学特征的角度对储层展开研究,对探究页岩储层的物性成因及其受控因素具有重要意义.
  • 摘要：Aiming at evaluating the precision of DEM generated by radar interferometry,a method of the checkpoints is put forward to sample the data of DEM.The difference comparison and correlation analysis are used to analyze the stability and evaluate the precision of DEM.Take data of ENVISAT as an example,fitstly,the experiment of extracting DEM is done,and then the data of GDEM ASTER and SRTM is selected as a reference.Finally,the result of the experiment is analyzed.The results show that,the DEM data in the gentle hilly topography has lower error and the precision of DEM can reach at 30 m.While,in steep topography the DEM has larger error and the precision of DEM is poor.The experimental results verify that the method is practicable and provides a useful reference for evaluating the relative precision of DEM.%为研究雷达干涉测量提取DEM精度,采用检查点法对DEM数据进行抽样,并通过差值比较、相关性分析方法对DEM数据进行稳定性分析以及精度评价.以ENVISAT数据为例,进行提取DEM实验,然后选取ASTER GDEM数据和SRTM数据作为参考,对实验结果进行分析.结果表明:在地势平缓处误差较小,提取DEM精度可以达到30 m;在地势陡峭处误差较大,提取DEM精度较差.同时实验证明了该方法的可靠性,可为DEM相对精度评定提供参考.
  • 摘要：In order to de-noise acoustic emission signal generated by crack of the pressure pipeline micro leakage and locate the leakage source accurately,the acoustic emission signal noise of the micro leakage source is processed based on the method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet packet transform.Results show that the method can solve the problem of reduction the continuous acoustic emission signal noise.Firstly,EMD was used to decompose the acoustic emission signal of the leakage source to refine the details of the high frequency background noise signal in the leakage source signal,and then based on the correlation degree of the EMD decomposition of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) and the original signal,the IMF that contains the mainly characteristics of source signal is determined.Meanwhile,de-noising and EMD refactoring is done by using the wavelet packet to further weaken the background of high frequency noise interference.Finally,the signal is made to de-noised and reconstructed and do cross-correlation calculation.The accurate positioning of the press pipeline of the leakage source is achieved.%为实现对压力管道裂纹微泄漏源的声发射信号降噪处理与准确定位,采用经验模态分解(EMD)和小波包变换相结合的方法对微泄漏源声发射信号进行降噪处理.结果表明,该方法能够很好地解决连续型声发射信号降噪问题.该方法首先对泄漏源声发射信号进行EMD分解,细化泄漏源信号中掺杂的高频背景噪声,然后根据EMD分解产生的各个固有模态函数(IMF)与原信号相关程度确定主要包含泄漏源信号特征的各IMF分量进行EMD重构,并进行小波包降噪,以进一步削弱背景高频噪声的干扰,最后对降噪并重构后的信号进行互相关计算,实现对压力管道微泄漏源的精确定位.
  • 摘要：针对采用等积孔法难以准确评价矿井(独立通风系统)通风难易程度的问题,以潘西煤矿通风系统为研究对象,提出一种矿井通风难易程度的分级与评判方法.该方法综合考虑矿井风量和等积孔2个指标,制定出通风困难线和通风容易线,把矿井通风系统划分为通风容易区、通风中等区和通风困难区,并建立了通风难易程度的评分模型,给出了评分方法与分级标准.实例分析表明,该方法能更准确地反映矿井通风系统存在的问题,并确定其改进的方向.%The mine (independent ventilation system) ventilation difficulty degree is hard to evaluate accurately by the equivalent orifice.The classification and evaluation method of mine ventilation difficulty degree is proposed,based on the ventilation system of the Panxi coal mine.The difficult ventilation line and the easy ventilation line is devised by making use of the mine ventilation volume and the equivalent orifice,which divided the two-dimensional space into three areas:difficult ventilation area,medium ventilation area and easy ventilation area.A new scoring model was built to evaluate the difficulty of mine ventilation.The calculation formula and the grading standard was then given.The empirical result shows that the model can reflect the problems of mine ventilation system more accurately and clarity the direction of adjustment.
  • 摘要：为研究页岩的孔隙结构,从而对页岩的孔隙分形特征作全面的表征,分别利用基于高压压汞实验数据的Menger海绵模型和基于低温液氮实验的FHH等温式分形模型对不同孔径段的孔隙进行分形拟合,计算其分形维数.以不同孔径段的孔隙体积比作为加权值,计算了页岩样品的综合分形维数;将页岩的综合分形维数与总有机碳质量分数(TOC)和矿物成分质量分数(黏土矿物和脆性矿物)做相关性分析,发现总有机碳质量分数(TOC)是影响综合分形维数的主要因素,随着总有机碳质量分数(TOC)的增加,使得页岩具有更大的综合分形维数,孔隙结构变得复杂,孔隙表面变得粗糙,为页岩气提供更多的吸附点位.通过综合分形维数可以定量评价储层孔隙的复杂程度和非均质程度,为储层评价和页岩气的吸附研究提供思路.%In order to analyze shale pore fractal feature of shale,fractal dimension is calculated by using high pressure mercury intrusion method.Menger model and low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method FHH fractal model is used to do fractal fitting on different pore range.The ratio of pore volume of different pore range to the total pore volume is used as a weighted value to calculate the comprehensive fractal dimension of shale samples.The correlation of comprehensive fractal dimension,total organic content(TOC) and mineral content (clay minerals and brittle mineral) are analyzed.The results show that the total organic content (TOC) are the main factors affecting the total comprehensive fractal dimension.With the increase of total organic content(TOC),the comprehensive fractal dimension of shale is bigger which make pore structure becomes complicated.Meanwhile,the pore surface becomes rough providing more points for adsorption shale gas.
  • 摘要：3-PRS parallel mechanism is capable of moving along the X and Y axes and rotating around the Z axis,however it also brings parasitic motion in the non-independent DOFs.In order to analyze the parasitic motion of 3-PRS parallel mechanism and obtain changes of motion parameters and structural parameters,the mathematical model of the inverse kinematics is established on the basis of analyzing the structure of 3-PRS parallel mechanism.Parasitic motion in the non-independent is analyzed by simulation software MATLAB.The results show that parasitic motion becomes larger with the increase of the motion parameters and structural parameters,which provides theoretical basis and data support for the optimization design and error analysis of the 3-PRS parallel mechanism.%3-PRS并联机构可以实现一平两转运动,但在非独立的自由度上,伴随运动也随之产生.为了分析3-PRS并联机构的伴随运动,得到伴随运动与运动参数及结构参数的关系,建立了3-PRS并联机构的运动学数学模型,利用仿真软件Matlab得到了在非独立自由度上的伴随运动.结果表明,伴随运动随着运动参数的增大而变大,随结构参数的增大而变大,这为3-PRS并联机构的优化设计和误差分析提供了理论依据和数据支撑.
  • 摘要：研究一类变系数非线性耦合抛物系统,证明系统解的存在性和唯一性,实验证明了改变系数和进行边界变量分离显著提高了去噪效果,同时保持了奇异性.结合Perona-Malik边界保持和Catte偏微分方程平滑处理,研究抛物系统中边界变量的自适应选择的平衡参数.最后给出试验验证该模型的效能,结果表明,在真实图像和标准数字图像中,人为加上重度噪声后,变系数抛物系统去噪效果优于一般的耦合抛物法,能去除大量斑点,同时,可以显著提高在真实图像和标准数字图像中的信噪比,表明本系统的去噪效果较之前的方法更好.%PDEs based image restoration is a good method of dealing with the trade-off between noise removal and edge preservation.One of important mode in image restoration is parabolic type equation.It is concerned with a nonlinear coupled parabolic system with varaible coefficient.The degree of denoising and preservation of singularities can be determined by changing coefficient.By utilizing a separate parabolic system with variable coefficients for the edge variable which is proposed.The denoising results are improved significantly.The denoising capabilities of the linear diffusion are better based on the combination of edge preserving Perona-Malik and Catte et al.''s smoothing PDEs.Finally,an experimental approach is given to show the efficiency of the model.The numerical results which are obtained by applying the above scheme to two artificial heavily noised images.It can improve the general coupled parabolic method and wipe of spots left.Meanwhile,the method could raise the SNR of the data remarkably.The numerical tests reveal that the proposed method delivers better results in image restoration in the case of real images as well as artificial heavily noised images.
  • 摘要：矿井通风风速的准确预测对提高矿井安全性具有重要意义.为提高矿井通风风速预测的准确度,提出一种基于改进遗传算法和BP神经网络的矿井通风风速预测方法.该方法采用前向神经网络建立矿井通风风速预测模型,将排序选择策略和概率生存策略相结合,从而代替传统选择算子,得到一种改进遗传算法.采用改进遗传算法对网络最优权值和阈值进行全局搜索,在此基础上,再利用BP算法进行局部寻优,从而得到网络的权值和阈值.采用矿井工作面的数据作为实验数据进行仿真预测,并与已有的几种模型进行比较,仿真结果表明,该模型提高了矿井通风风速的预测精度.%Accurate wind velocity forecasting plays an important role in guaranteeing safety of the mine.In order to improve the accuracy of wind velocity forecasting of mine ventilation,a method of mine ventilation prediction based on improved genetic algorithm and BP neural network was presented.Meanwhile,by using the forward neural network,the prediction model of mine ventilation was established.In the model,the ranking selection strategy combines with probability survival method is used instead of the traditional selection operator,which obtained an improved genetic algorithm.The improved genetic algorithm is used to search the optimal weights and thresholds of the network.Based on this,BP algorithm was used to find the local optimization and then obtained the weights and threshold value of network.Meanwhile,the data of mine are used as the experimental data to conduct simulation and prediction,and the prediction results are compared with the several models.The forecasting result shows that the model improves the prediction accuracy of mine ventilation velocity.
  • 摘要：为获得高速冷滚打成形过程中热力耦合作用对花键表层残余应力形成的影响规律,分析了热力耦合作用下冷滚打成形表层残余应力的形成过程,研究了热力耦合作用对残余应力的影响机理,并基于20钢材料本构模型对高速冷滚打成形花键过程中热力耦合作用下工件表层残余应力的形成规律进行了仿真分析.根据不同仿真参数下的冷滚打作用力与残余应力的变化曲线,得出冷滚打的进给量和滚打转速增大均能引起残余应力峰值的增加,而增加进给量使冷滚打作用力大小整体增大,增加滚打转速则使滚打作用力下降,并影响作用力曲线的走势.研究结果对解决高速冷滚打花键表层残余应力形成的控制问题提供了依据,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值.%In order to obtain the ruler of thermal-mechanical coupling to residual stress on spline surface during the high speed cold roll-beating,the forming process of residual stress in the cold roll-beating surface layer under the action of thermal-mechanical coupling was analyzed.The action mechanism of thermal-mechanical coupling to residual stress was studied.Based on the constitutive model of 20 steel,the simulation analysis was conducted on the residual stress of surface during high speed cold roll-beating under the effect of thermal-mechanical coupling.According to the changing curve of rolling force and residual stress under different simulation parameters,it revealed that peek residual stress can be increased due to either feed rate or roll-beating speed enlarged.The increase of feed rate led to the whole roll-beating force larger,in contrast,the increase of roll-beating speed contributed to the decrease of roll-beating force and also affected the curve tendency.The study provided the basis of how to solve the problem of control the surface layer of residual stress on the spline during the process of high-speed cold roll-beating,which had great theoretical significance and engineering application value.
  • 摘要：In order to improve the quality of image fusion,and preserve the spectral characteristics of the original image for avoiding the spectral degradation of the fusion image,the multi-focus image fusion algorithm based on non-down sampling Contourlet transform and region characteristic is proposed.By using the nonsubsampled Contourlet transform,multiscale decomposition is performed on the image to obtain the multi layer sub bands of the image.By using energy function of the segmentation block,the energy measurement model is built.The regional energy weighting coefficient of similarity coefficient is obtained.By using of regional energy,the similarity coefficient of the low-frequency subband is determined and the fusion of the low frequency subband image is completed.Based on the segmentation of tectonic characteristics in high frequency band,the sharpness of the ranks of summation model is formed.The high frequency subbands in the block segmentation region is obtained.Meanwhile,the sharpness value is used to establish a segmentation block decision function and complete high frequency sub image fusion.Finally,the nonsubsampled Contourlet transform is used to obtain the fusion image.The experimental results show that the image fusion algorithm is proposed is effective for multi focus image fusion.The algorithm can keep the image fusion source map in more detail,with better fusion effect.%为提高图像融合质量,较好地保留原始图像的光谱特性,避免融合图像光谱退化,提出非下采样Contourlet变换耦合区域特性多聚焦图像融合算法.采用非下采样Contourlet变换(nonsubsampled contourlet transform,NSCT)对图像进行多尺度精细分解,获取图像多层次分解子带;利用分割块区域能量函数,构造区域能量度量模型,获取区域能量相似系数,判定低频子带对应的加权系数,完成图像低频子带的融合.根据分割高频子带时形成的行列特征,形成区域锐度模型,获取高频子带分割块中的区域锐度值,利用该锐度值建立分割块判定函数,完成高频子带的融合.最后,采用非下采样Contourlet变换的逆变换得到融合图像.结果表明,与已有图像融合算法相比,本文图像融合算法融合质量更好.
  • 摘要：为得到 600 MPa级钢筋高温下的力学性能,对600 MPa级钢筋进行了恒温加载和恒载升温2种温度-应力途径下的强度试验和高温下的变形试验.结果表明:屈服强度和极限强度都随着温度升高而降低,在400~600 ℃内下降最快,但屈服强度的下降速率大于极限强度的下降速率;在300~700 ℃内,恒载升温途径下的强度略大于恒温加载途径下的强度,在该温度范围外2种途径下的强度相差不大;应力-应变曲线与常温下的差别较明显,随温度升高,屈服台阶逐渐消失,强化区段逐渐缩短,在400 ℃时极限延伸率降至最低,在500~800 ℃仅由斜率逐渐减小的上升段和峰值点后较平缓的下降段组成;弹性模量随温度升高而降低,自由膨胀变形却呈幂函数增长趋势.%In order to get the mechanical properties in high temperature,the strength and deformation experiment of 600 MPa steel rebar in temperature-stress is done.One is steady state test and the other is transient test.The experiment results show that,with the rise of temperature,the ultimate strength and yield strength is decreased,particularly between 400 ℃ and 600 ℃ and the declining rate of yield strength is faster than ultimate strength.In temperature between 300 ℃ and 700℃,the strength in the second way is slightly higher than that in the first one.Beyond that,the strength in the two ways has a little difference.The stress-strain curve under high temperature is significent different with it in normal temperature.With the rise of temperature,the yield step is disappeared and the strengthening segment is shortened gradually.When the temperature is 400 ℃,the ultimate elongation decreases to the minimum.It is composed of the rising slope with decreasing gradient gradually and gentle decline after peak point between 500 ℃ and 800 ℃;With the rise of temperature,the elastic modulus decreases and free expansion deformation shows a growth trend of the power function.
  • 摘要：In order to effectively detect coal thickness,structure,goaf,and then guide the coalmine safety with high-efficient production,SUMMIT-Ⅱ EX channel wave seismograph is used in Yima Coal Group.Transmission method is applied to detect the coal thickness.Based on the negative relations between the wave velocity and the coal seam thickness,the quantitative interpretation of the coal thickness is realized and the prediction accuracy reaching 86％.Reflection method is applied to detect the strike fault with the reflect of channel wave when it meet wave impedance interface such as fault during traveling along the coal seam.According to the channel wave propagation velocity and the reflection time of arrival in detector,the fault location is calculated and predicted.The actual deviation is less than 5 m.Meanwhile,the seismograph has been tentatively applied to detect gas zone,the risk area of rock burst and water inrush.The preliminary valuable results are achieved.The channel wave detection technology is an effective method of mine geophysical exploration and has a good prospect.%为有效探测煤层厚度、构造、采空区等,科学指导矿井安全、高效生产,使用德国SUMMIT-Ⅱ EX槽波地震仪,采用透射法,在选定适宜频率进行波速成像后,根据波速与煤层厚度的负相关关系,实现了煤层厚度的定量化解译,准确率达86％.采用反射法,利用槽波沿煤层传播时遇到断层等波阻抗界面产生反射的现象,根据槽波传播速度及反射波到达检波器的时间,计算并预测了走向断层位置,偏差小于5 m.另外,在探测采空区、地应力集中区、瓦斯富集区、突水风险区等方面开展探测试验,取得了有价值的成果.槽波具有只在煤层中传播、携带信息多、探测距离远等优点,槽波地震勘探技术是一种有效的矿井物探手段,具有良好的应用前景.
  • 摘要：为研究近30 a中国内陆温度场的差异性,利用1981-2012年覆盖全国的662个国家基准气候站和基本气象站地面年平均气温的气象数据,在质量控制、温度带划分的基础上,进行了反距离加权插值分析、等值线序列分析、地形分析、变异函数分析,获得1981-2012年中国内陆温度变化在时间尺度和空间尺度上的演化规律.研究表明:(1)近32 a中国内陆年平均气温呈上升趋势,温度变化速率为(0.042±0.006)℃/a;(2)近32 a中国5大温度带范围均有不同程度的摄动,热/亚热带分界线近32 a向北推移了0.034°N,亚热/暖温带分界线西段有向西南迁移的趋势,东段在南北方向摆动剧烈,暖温/中温带分界线有向西北迁移的趋势,中温/寒温带分界线有向东北、西北发生迁移的趋势;(3)中国内陆近32 a平均温度变异强度北方大于南方,在时间序列上变异系数呈“强-弱-强”变化趋势,北方、西北和青藏高原局部地区为强变异区;(4)中国内陆温度与高程呈负相关关系,去除其他因素,中国内陆温度-高程变化速率约为-0.003℃/m,其变化规律较符合指数函数特征;(5)未来中国内陆温度仍呈增温趋势,小幅回落仅是局地的周期性调整.%In order to study the difference of the temperature field in Chinese mainland in recent 30 years,the analyses of inverse distance weight interpolation,sequence of the temperature isoline,terrain and variogram are implemented,based on quality control and division of temperature zone and by using the meteorological data of annual mean temperature of 662 national standard climatic station covering the whole country,the evolution process of Chinese inland temperature change in the time and spatial scale from 1981 to 2012 is obtained.The result shows that:(1) the annual mean temperature in Chinese inland shows an increasing trend and the change rate of temperature is (0.042 ± 0.006) ℃/a during 32 years;(2) during 32 years the ranges of five temperature zones in China have perturbation of different longitude and latitude.The dividing line between tropical and subtropical zone moves northward by 0.034 degrees along latitudes.The dividing line in west section between warm temperature zone and subtropical zone has a migration trend to southwestward and swings violently in south-north direction in east section.The dividing line between warm temperature zone and mid temperature zone has a migration trend to northwestward.The dividing line between mid warm temperature zone and cold temperature zone has a migration trend to northwestward and northeastward;(3) the variability of annual mean temperature in Chinese inland during 32 years in north is bigger than that in south.The variation coefficient in time series shows intense-lght-intense tendency.There are strong variant regions in northern,southwestern and parts of Tibetan Plateau;(4)a negative correlation is existed between temperature in Chinese inland and elevation.The change rate of temperature in Chinese inland and elevation is about 0.003℃/m,which is consistency with the characteristic of exponential function;(5) Chinese inland temperature still shows an increasing trend in the future,the current slight decline is only a local cyclical adjustment.
  • 摘要：In the process of CNC shaping milling,the prediction of the state of tool wear has important application significance to improve productivity,reduce scrap rate and avoid security risks.Based on the current monitoring method,the detection system of the wear current of CNC forming milling cutter is set up.Then the input characteristic quantity and target characteristic quantity of BP neural network for tool wear diagnosis are measured,and the sample data were normalized and trained by the Matlab software.At last,the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the BP neural network.The network test results show that the prediction rate of tool wear condition is more than 92.78％.This has certain engineering application value.%为提高数控成形铣齿生产率、降低成本和避免安全隐患,需要对刀具的磨损状态进行准确预测.首先基于电流监测法搭建了数控成形铣刀的磨损电流监测系统,然后确定BP神经网络中用于刀具磨损诊断的输入特征量和目标特征量,并应用Matlab软件对样本数据进行归一化处理和神经网络训练,最后利用遗传算法对BP神经网络模型进行优化.测试结果表明,刀具磨损状态预测率达92.78％以上,具有一定的工程应用价值.
  • 摘要：In order to study the seismic responses of structure under near-filed strong earthquake,a three-dimensional isolator consisted of SMA and friction elements(3DSMAFBI) is proposed.The Newmark method and Modified Newton-Raphson iteration method are used to solve the dynamic equations of interlayer of the structure isolated with SMA-friction isolator.Theresults of seismic responses show that when the peak value of seismic wave accelerates in horizontal direction is close to the one in vertical direction,the force-displacement relations of isolation layer with and without vertical component of earthquake are significant difference.Therefore,the vertical component can't be ignored.When the vertical natural periods of superstructure increases,the base axial force and base shear of the structures decreases significantly,whereas,the vertical natural periods of superstructure have weak influence on the peak of displacement of superstructure.Through study of the isolation structure,the parameters of SMA-friction three dimensional isolation structure are determined,and then the seismic responses of the structure with no isolation are compared.The SMA-friction horizontal isolation and three dimensional isolation,the results show that SMA-friction three-dimensional isolator exhibit significant isolation effects on the structure in horizontal direction and vertical direction.%为研究近场强震下结构的地震响应,构造了水平向和垂向弹性解耦的形状记忆合金-摩擦三维隔振器(3 DSMAFBI),并采用Newmark法和修正的Newton-Raphson迭代法对地震作用下隔振结构层间动力学模型进行求解.地震响应的数值研究结果表明:当垂向和水平向地震波加速度峰值相近时,有、无垂向地震作用时被控结构隔振层力-位移关系差别较大;上部结构垂向自振周期增加时,结构的基底轴力和剪力显著减小,而上部结构水平向位移峰值无显著变化.通过结构参数化研究,确定了三维隔振结构参数,并比较了无隔振、SMA-摩擦水平向隔振和三维隔振时结构的地震响应,证明了SMA-摩擦三维隔振器能对水平向和垂向的结构起到良好的隔振作用.
  • 摘要：A comprehensive research methods including field measurement,numerical modeling,theoretical analysis,and field test were used to solve the problem of stability maintenance of deep roadway.Based on the analysis of the mechanism of drilling pressure relief in the high-pressure roadwayl,a coordination control technology was proposed for the drilling pressure relief,including the initial pressure yielding,drilling pressure relief and secondary high strength bolt-grouting support.The initial yielding pressure support created constantly resistant deformation in the surrounding rock,and decreased the non-coordinate force caused by the support.The drilling pressure relief could transfer the high confining pressure and compensated the deformation of surrounding rock,and therefore reduced the radial convergence of roadway.The secondary high strength bolt-grouting support,as the core of the controlling technology,was to control the long-term creep of the fractured surrounding rock.It is the parameters used for the drilling pressure relief and the support structure that were determined.The engineering application showed that the technology is able to control the large deformation of surrounding rock in deep roadway,and has a potential value to be applied widely.%为解决深部高应力巷道围岩支护难维护问题,综合采用现场实测、数值计算、理论分析及工业性试验等方法,基于深部巷道钻孔卸压机理、钻孔参数确定方法及卸压钻孔与支护结构作用关系的分析,提出深部巷道围岩卸压协调控制技术,包括一次让压、钻孔卸压和二次高强锚注支护等3方面:一次让压支护使围岩产生恒阻变形,降低卸压引起的支护结构非协调受力;钻孔卸压的作用是转移巷道周边高应力,补偿围岩变形,减小巷道径向收敛;二次高强锚注支护为卸压协调控制技术的核心,目的是控制卸压后破碎岩体的后期蠕变.工程应用效果表明,该技术可有效控制深部巷道围岩大变形,具有一定的推广应用价值.
  • 摘要：In order to implement clustering on feature dimension as well as data object dimension and improve clustering accuracy,a fuzzy compactness and separation co-clustering algorithm(FCSCC)is proposed based on the fuzzy compactness and separation algorithm (FCS).In FCSCC,feature membership and entropy maximization is added into FCS.It can simultaneously group data objects and features.In order to evaluate clustering effectiveness,experiments were carried out on five datasets to compare the FCSCC with other three clustering algorithms.The experimental results show that the FCSCC algorithm is better than these three methods in terms of accuracy.%为了同时对数据对象和特征进行聚类分析以提高聚类准确率,在模糊紧致性和分离性算法(fuzzy compactness and separation,FCS)基础上,提出一种结合类内紧致性和类间分离性的模糊联合聚类算法(fuzzy compactness and separation co-clustering,FCSCC).该算法在FCS的基础上增加了对特征维度的隶属度关系与熵最大化原理,能够在数据对象和特征2个维度上同时聚类.为验证该算法的有效性,另选择了3种算法在5个数据集上进行了对比实验,结果表明,FCSCC算法的聚类准确率高于其他3种算法.
  • 摘要：针对不平衡数据中特征维数高、标记样本缺乏问题,提出一种基于遗传算法和Biased-SVM的不平衡数据半监督特征选择算法.该方法首先利用初始的标记样本集训练处理不平衡数据的Biased-SVM模型,然后用训练好的Biased-SVM模型为未标记样本加上标签,再把新标记样本加入到初始标记样本集中,得到新标记样本集,最后采用基于遗传算法的不平衡数据特征选择方法选出最优的特征子集.实验结果表明,所提方法在不同的标记样本率下均具有较高的平均特征子集缩减率和平均小类识别率.%Considering the scarcity of labeled samples and the high feature dimension for imbalanced data,a new semi-supervised feature selection algorithm based on GA and Biased-SVM is proposed.The biased-SVM model which can dispose the unbalanced samples data is trained by the initial labeled sample set and then the trained Biased-SVM model is used to add labels to the unlabeled samples,and add the new labeled samples to the initial labeled sample set.Finally,the optimal feature subset is selected by the GA-based feature selection method for imbalanced data.Experimental results show that the proposed method not only reduces the feature dimension,but also improves the precision of the minor class under the different labeled sample rates generally.
  • 摘要：In order to mitigate impact of turn left flow on the tralfic capacity in urban intersection.Portion of three dimensional turn left is proposed based on the analysis of cross intersection and the existing roundabout traffic flow line.Two of four left-turn lane road with traffic jam were under three-dimensional processed.By streaming out left part of the traffic from the intersection,the traffic chaos of the roundabout is reduced.Simulation analysis is done by VISSIM software on non-signalized intersections and signalized intersections respectively confirmed that the left roundabout interchange design has obvious advantages than ordinary roundabout.%为缓解城市道路交叉口处左转车流对交叉口通行能力带来的压力,通过对十字交叉路口及现有环形交叉路口交通流线的分析,基于环形交叉口提出部分左转立体化的概念设计:将4条道路中向左转车流较多的2条左转车道进行立体化:通过将部分左转车流从交叉口分流出去,从而缓角环形交叉口的交通混乱状况.利用VISSIM软件针对无信号控制交叉口和有信号控制交叉口分别进行仿真分析,证实了左转立交式环形交叉口车流通行较普通环形交叉口具有明显优势.

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