认知视角下创业失败研究述评和未来展望

摘要

Entrepreneurial failure has always been a major concern of both researchers and practitioners. Early studies on entrepreneurial failure focused on the relationship between failure rate, business development and government policies,so as to find effective measures to avoid entrepreneurial failure. Afterwards,from a process perspective,researchers started to examine the impacts of entrepreneurs’ dominant characteristics on follow-up entrepreneurial behavior and performance in the case of entrepreneurial failure,but did not deeply investigate the intermediate mechanism of entrepreneurial failure. Therefore,from a cognition perspective,recent researchers explore the entrepreneurs’ mind-set,cognition and decision-making processes,and identify the cognitive reasons and corresponding mechanisms behind entrepreneurial failure. Based on sorting out the development context of entrepreneurial failure research,this paper reviews the most recent relevant research on entrepreneurial failure from a cognition perspective in three aspects of entrepreneurial thinking,entrepreneurial knowledge,and entrepreneurial competence. Accordingly it constructs&refines a theoretical framework of entrepreneurial failure and proposes some directions in future research to promote the research development of entrepreneurial failure from a cognition perspective.%创业失败一直是研究者与实践者关注的热点。早期研究主要探讨创业失败率与经济发展、政府政策间的关系，以期寻找避免创业失败的有效措施；随后基于过程视角，研究者开始探讨创业失败后，创业者的显性特征对其后续创业行为和绩效的影响，但并未深入分析创业失败的中间机制；故有学者基于认知视角，深入探究创业者的思维、认知以及决策过程，分析创业失败行为背后的认知成因及内在机制。在梳理创业失败研究发展脉络的基础上，本文从创业思维、创业知识和创业能力三个方面，述评认知视角下创业失败的最新研究成果，据此构建并提炼创业失败研究的理论框架，明确未来研究的方向，推动认知视角下创业失败研究的发展。