技术创业因具有较高的成长潜力,受到政府政策的大力支持以及风险投资机构的青睐.技术和市场双重不确定性带来了技术创业活动的高失败率,因此在新企业创建及早期成长过程中,技术创业者需要利用创业学习以解决面临的不确定性.然而,这一理论问题被现有研究所忽略.基于此,本研究探讨技术创业过程中创业者创业学习的目标、学习方式及其动态变革.通过对四家技术型企业的多案例研究发现,市场与技术不匹配、管理经验缺失等是技术创业者进行创业学习的关键动因,新生创业者主要通过观察学习和实践学习以获得相应的市场知识、技术知识和管理知识.同时,本文还发现创业者自信心对于创业初期学习方式的选择发挥重要作用,自信心强的创业者在创业之初倾向于选择实践学习,并且创业学习存在一定惯性,关键事件的出现会打破惯性推动创业者改变和优化学习方式.本文针对技术创业者创业学习问题的研究有助于弥补已有理论不足,并指导创业者在技术创业活动过程中灵活运用创业学习方式以成功创业.%Technology entrepreneurship is the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities that are technology intensive and high-growth potential. More importantly, there is technological uncertainty and market uncertainty in the process. Due to the lack of relevant experiences, especially lack of marketing skills and management skills, most entrepreneurial activities end with failure. Therefore, in the process of new venture start-up and early growth, technological entrepreneurs need to leverage entrepreneurial learning to cope with the uncertainty. However, this theoretical problem has been neglected by the existing research. Especially, how do many technology entrepreneurs who have noentrepreneurial experience learn? Their learning motivation and the changes of learning styles are yet to be further studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to answer these issues by using multiple case studies. Based on a systematic analysis of the existing theoretical literature on entrepreneurial learning, technology entrepreneurship, and other related literature, this paper uses four technological new ventures and provides with three findings. Firstly, the mismatch between markets and technologies, and the lack of managerial experiences are key drivers to trigger technological entrepreneurs to learn. Secondly, the nascent entrepreneurs acquire the related market knowledge, technology knowledge and managerial knowledge mainly through action learning and observational learning. Thirdly, this paper also finds that entrepreneurs' self-confidence plays a key role in the selection of learning styles at the beginning of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurs with strong self-confidence tend to choose action learning at the beginning of entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs' learning promotes the formation of routing, and critical events will break the routing and trigger entrepreneurs to optimize learning styles. There are three theoretical contributions in this research. Firstly, we reveal the learning goals of technological entrepreneurs. Although the research on entrepreneurial learning has emphasized the role of learning, it is still unclear that why entrepreneurs learn, especially the specific learning goals of technological entrepreneurs are still unknown. The case analysis of this study further clarifies the learning goals of the technological entrepreneurs. Secondly, we reveal the effect of individual characteristics on the selection of new ventures' entrepreneurial learning styles. The existing research has pointed out that various learning styles should be used to achieve success in the process of start-up and growth of new ventures. However, there is a lack of research on how to choose the right learning styles for start-up. This paper points out the importance of entrepreneurs' self-confidence and analyzes its impact on the choice of entrepreneurial learning styles. Thirdly, we reveal the factor that influences the changes of entrepreneurial learning styles and emphasizes the role of critical events. How entrepreneurial learning changes in the process of new ventures development has been puzzling scholars in the related fields. Based on the study of four cases from technology entrepreneurship domain, we summarize the changing discipline of learning styles, and find that the critical event is an important trigger that leads to the changes.
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