综合水质标识指数法在海拉尔河水质评价中的应用研究

摘要

水质评价是水环境治理的重要基础性工作.水质综合标识指数法涵盖了综合水质类别、定量污染程度、水环境功能区达标等信息,是将定性与定量评价相结合,能够对综合水质做出合理的解释,不会因个别指标导致过分评价.研究将海拉尔河划分为3个控制单元,根据2003年-2012年水质监测数据,采用综合水质标识指数法识别各控制单元主要污染因子,并分析海拉尔河水质时空变化规律.研究结果表明海拉尔河从上游至下游综合水质标识指数逐渐升高,上游水质较好,中游和下游主要污染指标为高锰酸盐指数和COD.2003年-2012年,海拉尔河高锰酸钾指数、BOD5、氨氮和总磷的污染减轻,化学需氧量污染略微减轻但仍存在超标风险.%The assessment of water environment quality is important basic tasks for water environmental management.The integrated water quality identification index, which contains water quality classification, pollution and compliance, is the method that the combination of qualitative and quantitative.it assesses integrated water quality by a group of typical assessing items instead of deciding by the worst assessing item, so the assessment of integrated water quality is reasonable.Hailaer River was divided into three control divisions in order to study the water environment feature of different sections.Based on water quality monitoring data of year 2003 to 2012 was used to identify the main pollution factor, and analyzing the spatial and temporal variations of Hailaer River water quality.The comprehensive water quality identification index increased from upstream to downstream..The water quality of upstream is better than midstream and downstream.The CODMn and CODCr are the major pollution indicators in midstream and downstream.The CODMn BOD5 NH3-N and TP were reducing from 2003 to 2012 , and the CODCr was a little reducing but there is excessive risk.