废旧电路板加热拆解过程中颗粒物的排放及其在人体呼吸系统的沉积特征

摘要

废旧电路板(WPCB)表面焊接有大量电子元器件,从资源高效回收的角度出发,需要对WPCB进行加热拆解以便于电子元器件及电路板基板材料的后续处理.WPCB加热拆解过程将释放大量的烟雾污染物,易造成环境污染并危害工人健康.对WPCB加热拆解过程释放颗粒物的粒径分布、颗粒物数浓度和颗粒物质量浓度等特征进行研究,核算不同粒径段颗粒物的排放系数,并研究了加热拆解过程中颗粒物在人体呼吸系统的沉积特征.总体看来,WPCB加热拆解过程所释放的颗粒物中,数量上以细颗粒物为主,粒径越小的颗粒物数浓度越高,质量上以大颗粒为主,粒径越大的颗粒物质量浓度越高.WPCB加热拆解过程中,颗粒物数浓度排放系数为3.30×10.5个/cm.3,质量浓度排放系数为9.55 mg/m.3.工人操作过程中吸入的颗粒物主要沉积在呼吸系统的鼻腔咽喉部位、气管支气管部位和肺泡部位,3个部位的沉积通量分别为3.32、1.26×10.-1、1.99×10.-1mg/h,合计每小时约有3.65 mg颗粒物进入工人的呼吸系统,需要对工人提供呼吸系统的保护措施.%There was a large number of electronic components on the surface of waste printed circuit boards(WPCB).From the perspective of efficient recycling of WPCB,it was very important to remove the electronic components on WPCB.The most common way was heating and melting the solder between electronic components and printed circuit board.While large amount of pollutants would released during the heating and disassembling process,and it would cause environmental pollution and harm to the health of workers.In this research,the characteristics of particle size distribution,number concentration and mass concentration were determined experimentally in the process of heating and disassembling WPCB.The deposition characteristics of the particulate matter in human respiratory system were also studied.The results showed that the majority of the particulate in number were fine particulate matter,and the particle number concentration was higher when particle size smaller.Large particles contributed more of particle mass,with the greater the particle size,the higher the particulate mass concentration.During the treatment process,the emission coefficient of the particle number concentration was 3.30×10.5cm.-3,and the emission coefficient of mass concentration was 9.55 mg/m.3.The deposition fluxes of particulate matter inhaled in the respiratory system of the nose and throat,trachea and bronchus,alveolar area was 3.32,1.26×10.-1,1.99×10.-1mg/h,respectively.About 3.65 mg particulate matters was inhaled into the worker's respiratory system every hour.It's necessary to provide protection measures for workers' respiratory system.