高性能聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究

摘要

High performance polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites were prepared by using melt-impregnation extruding pro-cess with taking PVC as matrix,thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (PUR–T) as toughening agent,continuous glassfiber (GF) as reinforcer. The mechanical properties,heat resistance and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results show that the mechanical properties and heat resistance of the composites are enhanced with the increase ofPUR–T or continuous GF content. When the mass ratio of PUR–T/PVC is 2/8 and the mass fraction of continuous GF is 30%,the tensile strength,notched izod impact strength,flexural strength and modulus,vicat softening temperature of the composite is 83.42 MPa,19.81 kJ/m2, 106.33 MPa,8 823.36 MPa,74.1℃ respectively. With increasing continuous GF content,the storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the composites increase and the loss factor decreases. SEM results demonstrate that the continuous GF keeps longer length in PVC matrix and has very good dispersibility.%以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体、热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PUR–T)为增韧剂、连续玻璃纤维(GF)为增强剂，通过熔体浸渍挤出工艺制备高性能PVC复合材料，并对其力学性能、耐热性能和动态力学性能进行研究。结果表明，随着PUR–T或连续GF含量增加，复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能均得到提高，当PUR–T／PVC质量比为2／8，连续GF质量分数为30%时，复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、维卡软化温度分别为83.42 MPa，19.81 kJ／m2，106.33 MPa，8823.36 MPa和74.1℃；随着连续GF含量增加，复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度提高，损耗因子降低；扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明连续GF在PVC中保持了较长的长度，分散性良好。