研制了一种能在50 ～ 60℃下迅速除去压铸铝合金表面油污的水基高效脱脂剂.研究了压铸铝合金水性脱脂剂的配方组成,探讨了脱脂温度、脱脂剂活性物的质量分数以及超声浸渍脱脂时间对除油效果和铝材基体腐蚀率的影响,获得了压铸铝合金水性脱脂剂的较佳配方如下:碳酸钠4％,磷酸三钠2％,硅酸钠1％,表面活性剂OP-10 3％,表面活性剂TX-10 6％,表面活性剂6501 5％,渗透剂6.5％,缓蚀剂2.5％.该脱脂剂既保证了脱脂效果,又减缓了清洗液对铝材质设备的腐蚀.在脱脂温度50～60℃、脱脂剂活性物质量分数1.5％ ～3.0％和脱脂时间4 ～5 min的条件下,压铸铝合金的除油率可达100％,铝材的腐蚀率小于0.2 g/(m2.h).%A high-efficiency water-based degreasant was prepared,which can rapidly remove oil and grease from the surface of die-cast aluminum alloys at 50-60 ℃.The formulation of the water-based degresant for die-cast aluminum alloys was studied and the influence ofdegreasing temperature,mass fraction of active substance in the degreasing agent,and degreasing time under ultrasoundassisted immersion conditions on the degreasing efficiency and corrosion rate of aluminum-based substrate was discussed.A good formulation of water-based degreaser for die-cast aluminum alloys was obtained as follows:sodium carbonate 4wt％,sodium phosphate 2wt％,sodium silicate 1wt％,surfactant OP-10 3wt％,surfactant TX-10 6wt％,surfactant 6501 5wt％,penetrating agent 6.5wt％,and inhibitor 2.5wt％.The obtained degreaser not only ensures degreasing efficiency but also slows down the corrosion rate of aluminum equipment by rinse solution.The degreasing efficiency for die-cast aluminum alloys is up to100％,and the corrosion rate of aluminum material is less than 0.2 g/(m2·h) with 1.5％-3.0％ active substance in degreasing agent at 50-60 ℃ for 4-5 min.
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