丙烯酸酯接枝改性大豆油基水性聚氨酯乳液

摘要

以环氧大豆油(ESO)为原料合成了环氧大豆油丙烯酸酯(AESO)跟氯化大豆油多元醇(SOL),再把它们按不同比例混合,制得混合多元醇,进而与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯以及2,2?二羟甲基丙酸合成了一系列含有乙烯基的大豆油基水性聚氨酯(AESO–WPU).以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯为共聚单体,通过 AESO–WPU 中的乙烯基,进行乳液接枝共聚制备出丙烯酸酯接枝改性大豆油基水性聚氨酯(AESO–PUA)乳液.讨论了AESO和SOL的质量比对AESO–WPU和AESO–PUA乳液稳定性和胶膜性能的影响.通过红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜和热重分析仪对AESO–WPU和AESO–PUA进行表征并测试了它们的性能.结果表明:AESO质量分数为10%和30%时,所制乳液稳定且成膜性好.在AESO同为30%的情况下,与AESO–WPU胶膜相比,AESO–PUA胶膜失重率为5%时的热分解温度从148 °C提高至225 °C,吸水率从接近50%降至15%,阻尼硬度为0.497,冲击强度为50 kg·cm,附着力为2级.%Acrylated-epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) and chlorinated soybean oil polyol (SOL) were synthesized from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and then mixed in different proportions to prepare a mixed polyol. A series of soybean oil-based waterborne polyurethanes (AESO–WPU) containing vinyl groups were synthesized from the mixed polyol with isophorone diisocyanate and 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid. An acrylate-modified soybean oil-based waterborne polyurethane (AESO–PUA) emulsion was prepared by emulsion graft copolymerization with methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate as comonomers through the vinyl groups in the AESO–WPU. The effect of AESO-to-SOL mass ratio on the stability of AESO–WPU and AESO–PUA emulsion and the properties of their films was discussed. AESO–WPU and AESO–PUA were characterized by infrared spectroscope, transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetric analyzer, and the properties of their films were tested. The emulsions prepared with 10wt.% and 30wt.% of AESO have good stability and film-forming performance. Compared with the AESO–WPU film with 30wt.% AESO, the AESO–PUA film with 30wt.% AESO possesses a higher thermal decomposition temperature at 5% of weight loss (raised from 148 °C to 225 °C) and a lower water absorption rate (decreased from approximately 50% to 15%), as well as a hardness of 0.497 (by pendulum damping test), an impact resistance of 50 kg·cm, and a 2-grade adhesion strength.