含电动汽车虚拟电厂参与碳交易时的经济与环境调度

摘要

适当设计的碳交易机制是实现碳减排目标的有效途径,而电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)的大量应用可望产生明显的环境效益.在此背景下,针对包括EV、燃气轮机、风电、光伏发电的虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)参与碳交易时的情形,建立了经济与环境调度优化模型.首先,简要介绍了碳交易机制,并阐述了VPP参与碳交易时的优化调度问题及其与电力系统的交互方式.之后,建立了VPP经济与环境调度的混合整数二次规划(mixed integer quadratic programming, MIQP)模型,以VPP总体收益最大为优化目标,计及了燃气轮机运行成本、碳排放成本、EV充放电成本等.最后,采用商业求解器YALMIP/CPLEX对所建立的优化模型进行求解,并用算例说明了可行性与有效性.%A well-designed carbon trading mechanism represents an efficient way to achieve the pre-defined carbon reduction target, while the wide applications of electric vehicles (EVs) could contribute to significant environment benefits.Given this background, a virtual power plant (VPP) including EVs, gas turbines, wind power units, photovoltaic units with participation in carbon trading is examined, and an economic and environmental optimal dispatching model is presented.First, the carbon trading mechanism is briefly described, and the optimal dispatching problem for a VPP participating in carbon trading as well as the interaction mode between the VPP and the power system concerned are discussed.A mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model for the economic and environmental dispatching problem of the VPP is next established, with an objective of maximizing the total profit and considering the generation costs of gas turbines, carbon emission costs as well as charging/discharging costs of EVs.Finally, the well-developed commercial solver YALMIP/CPLEX is employed to solve the established optimization model, and numerical examples are served for demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.