从进士科举到文官考试——中国选官制度在民国时期的制度逻辑

摘要

科举制度的核心要义是考试选官,近现代西方国家吸收了科举制度中的考试任职因素建立起文官制度。民国时期的文官制度主要以近现代西方文官制度为蓝本,又继承了科举制度的某些因子建立起来。由于民国中期以后的文官制度体现出一种专制与民主的混合物特征,因而其制度运作的效果显示为：民国文官制度期望以考试实现两官分途没有达到预想的效果,而通过考试选官维护社会稳定则达到了目的。%the core essence of imperial examination system is selecting officials through examination.The modern western countries absorb the experience of appointing positions by imperial examination results and set up civil service system.Based on modern western civil service system and some factors from imperial examination system,civil service system of the Republic of China is established.Because of the mixture of a kind of autocracy and democracy after middle of the republic of China,the effect of the system is failing in differentiating administrative officers and affairs officers through examination,succeeding in maintaining social stability through civil service examination.