社会资本的城乡差异及其对大学生择业的影响

摘要

Through the questionnaire survey of 2533 graduates from 15 different types of universities in the whole nation, and using structural equation techniques and regression analysis, we have discussed social capital differences between urban and rural college students, and its impact on employment. The result shows these following facts: first, there is big gap in social capital between urban and rural college students, and which results from the differences in socio-economic status of different families or parents. Second, social capital has a significant effect on the employment of college graduates, as urban college graduates with social capital advantage are more likely to be employed in the primary labor market rather than in the countryside, which has a more strong attraction to rural college students. Finally, on the career choice, rural students prefer to become Village Officials while rural students tend to rural entrepreneurship.%通过对全国15所不同类别高校2533名毕业生的问卷调查，运用结构方程技术和回归分析方法，探讨了城市和农村两类大学生的社会资本差异及其对就业选择的影响。结果表明：城乡大学生所拥有的社会资本存在较大差距，这种差距主要源于家庭（父母）社会经济地位的差异；社会资本的城乡差异对城乡大学生择业有显著影响，具有社会资本优势的城市毕业生更可能在一级劳动力市场实现就业而较少考虑到农村就业，相反，农村学子的农村就业意愿更强；职业选择上，城市学生更倾向成为大学生村官，农村学子则更倾向于农村创业。