中型景观尺度下斑块类型和地理特征影响杨树人工林干部病害的发生——以河南省清丰县为例

摘要

景观病理学在开展病原扩散、病害发生及其严重程度方面以其全新的视角,为森林病害的区域控制提供了新的研究技术及理论支持.首次利用景观病理学原理和方法对河南省清丰县一个中型景观下杨树人工林干部病害发生特征开展了研究,目的是解析在大尺度下斑块类型和地理特征对杨树人工林病害发生的影响.在100 km2的调查区域,以种植方式和林分类型划分斑块类型,分析显示发病株率在不同斑块间差异显著:农田间作斑块的林木发病株率显著低于孤立斑块、纯林斑块、混交林等斑块的发病株率;但发病株率在孤立斑块、纯林斑块及混交林等斑块间无显著差异.抚育管理措施对预防和减轻杨树人工林干部病害的发生起到关键左右:精细管理林分(有修枝、施肥和锄草)的林木发病株率(P=0.001)和发病指数(p<0.001)均显著低于粗放管理林分(无修枝、无施肥和锄草等).人类活动,如无序修剪和放牧很可能是造成村落附近林分发病率显著高于其他地点林分的主要原因.采用logistic回归,以品种编号、树龄、树高、林分密度、林分郁闭度、林分类型、斑块类型、地理特征,等为自变量建立病害发生预测模型.方程拟合达到极显著水平(Wald=71.248,p<0.001).方程总的预测正确率为68.2%,发病的预测正确率为79.8%.%Landscape pathology provides novel approaches and theoretical support for regional control of forest disease from a landscape perspective on the spread rate of pathogens, occurrence and severity of disease. We reported for the first time in China the occurrence characteristics of the disease syndromes of short-rotation poplar plantations at mesoscale landscape in Qingfeng county,Henan province. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of patch types and geographical features on plantation disease incidence (DI) and individual tree disease severity index (DSI) based on principles and methodology of landscape pathology. Within a 100 km2 area, DI was significantly different in patches which were classified according to planting modes and stand varieties: DI was significantly lower in agro-forest patches than in other three patch types. Carefully tended approaches, such as appropriate pruning, fertilizing, watering and weeding, significantly reduced both DI and DSI. Poplar plantation located around and nearer to villages exhibited significantly higher disease incidence mainly due to human activities and herbivores. A logistic regression model were set up successfully (Wald = 71.248, p＜0.001) considering varieties, age, tree's height, tree number density, canopy cover, stand types, patch types, management status, and stand geographical locations. The overall correctness of prediction was 68.2％, in which the correctness for predicting diseased tree was 79.8％.