世界页岩气研究概况及中国页岩气资源潜力分析

摘要

页岩气系指泥岩或页岩在各种地质条件下生成的、已饱和岩石自身各种形式的残留需要、进入了排烃门限但尚未完全排出的以吸附、游离及溶解等多种形式残留于泥页岩内部的天然气资源。随着北美、欧洲和亚洲等地区页岩气勘探程度不断加大,对页岩气的储集特征、成藏机理等方面的研究取得重大进展。但页岩气研究仍存在许多问题,如＂页岩气＂概念没有科学地表达出页岩油气资源的科学内涵;页岩气的成因机制不清且缺乏行之有效的判别标准;页岩气分布发育模式不明且缺乏统一的预测方法。针对当前对页岩气的认识,本文依据源岩残留烃临界饱和量及其钻采过程中温压下降而释放油气的比率等参数,对中国页岩气资源进行了预测。%Shale gas means the internal residual natural gas resource in mud-shale,which exists in the form of adsorption,liberation,dissolution,etc.,and is generated in diverse geologic settings in mudstone or shale,and has saturated multiform residual requisitions of rocks and entered the threshold of expulsion yet not being completely expulsed.With the increasing of exploration in North America,Europe and Asia,the research in the reserve characteristics and the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of shale gas has achieved extraordinary progress.However,there are still many problems in the research in shale gas,for instance,the concept of ＂shale gas＂ does not express the scientific meaning of shale oil-gas reservoir;there are not a definite genetic mechanism and an effective judgment of shale gas;the distribution and generation of shale gas are not clear and the united method of prescription does not exist.In view of the current cognition of shale gas,the authors prescribe the shale gas resource in China by the critical saturating capacity of residual hydrocarbon and the ratio of oil and gas expulsed by hydrocarbon due to the decline of temperature and pressure in the process of drilling and extracting.