天水古民居木构件烟熏病害调查及治理的初步研究

摘要

The ancient dwellings in Tianshui are of important historical, artistic, and scientific value. Howev-er,the soot deterioration caused by cooking has affected the physical appearance and lifespan of the timber struc-tures of these ancient dwellings. An investigation and analysis of the soot deterioration has determined that sodi-um carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate have been used to clean soot and rein-force the foundations. The results indicate three things: that soot deterioration of different degrees can be found in the timber structures in eighteen in vestigated ancient dwellings; the sodium hydroxide, sodium dodecyl ben-zene sulfonate and sodium carbonate can not only effectively get rid of soot, but can also maintain original phys-ical appearances; and that better reinforcement can be achieved by using oxalic acid+barium hydroxide and flu-orine polymer, thus prolonging the lifespan of these timber structures.%天水古民居具有重要的历史、艺术、科学价值。然而，因烧火做饭等因素所导致的烟熏病害，严重影响了古民居木构件的外观及使用寿命。本文对天水古居民木构件表面烟熏病害进行调查及分析，采用碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠等对古民居木构件烟熏病害进行初步的清洗加固。结果表明：所调查的18处天水古民居，其木构件表面均出现不同程度的烟熏病害；十二烷基苯磺酸钠与碳酸钠的联合使用在达到良好清洗效果的同时，可保持古民居木构件古朴的原貌；草酸、氢氧化钡和水性氟碳乳液联合加固木构件不仅加固效果良好，而且有利于古民居木构件的耐久保存。