State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems;
Beihang University;
Beijing 100083;
China;
Beihang University Qingdao Research Institute;
Beihang University;
Qingdao 266000;
China;
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering;
Beihang University;
Beijing 100083;
China;
Personalized cardiovascular modeling; Intervention simulation system; Intervention instrument simulation; X-ray imaging simulation; Hybrid model;