施钾对不同转基因棉花品种光合特性及产量和品质的影响

摘要

在田间试验条件下,研究了施钾对转Bt+CpTI基因抗虫棉中棉所41、转Bt基因抗虫棉国抗1号和常规棉泗棉3号光合特性和产量及品质的影响.结果表明,施用钾肥能不同程度地提高不同转基因棉花品种的叶绿素含量、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素荧光动力学参数PS Ⅱ、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo),从而提高棉花叶片的光合性能.施钾还提高了转基因棉花干物质量及分配到生殖器官的比例,增加了棉花总成铃数、铃重和衣分；施钾处理的中棉所41、国抗1号和泗棉3号的皮棉产量较未施钾处理分别增加5.8％,11.8％和7.0％,棉纤维的主要品质指标也得到改善.转Bt基因抗虫棉国抗1号比转Bt+CpTI基因抗虫棉中棉所41和泗棉3号对钾肥更为敏感.%Three transgenic cotton varieties, transgenic Bt+CpTI insect-resistant cotton CCRI 41, transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton Guokang 1 and Simian 3, were used in the field experiments to analyze the effects of potassium application on the photo-synthetic characteristics, yield and fiber properties of different transgenic cottons. The results showed that applying potassium before cotton seedlings transplanted increased chlorophyll content, LAI, PS 11 maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), PS II potential activity (Fv/ Fo), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomata conductance (Gs), and accumulation of biomass and the proportion oi distributed to reproductive organs in plant, and total bolls per hectare, boll weight and lint percentage. Lint yield of CCRI 41, Guokang 1 and Simian 3 were increased by 5.83%, 11.75% and 7.01%, respectively. In addition, fiber qualitative characters, such as 2.5% span length, tenacity, micronaire value and length uniformity were also improved. Transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton Guokang 1 responded more active to potassium fertilizer than transgenic Bt+CpTI insect-resistant cotton CCRI 41 and Simian 3.