面向当代学习环境设计教学

摘要

The ever changing learning context imposes challenges upon teaching design. The most important includes:how to learn in face of life reality and the holistic task;how to deal with unfavorably-structured problems and realize learning transference;how to design a task from being aided to free designing;and how to promote teaching with particularity. This paper introduces the major concepts of instructional design and provides a historical overview of the field of instructional design.%日益变化的学习环境对设计教学提出了严峻的挑战。其中，最重要的是考虑如何面向现实生活和完整任务开展学习；如何学会解决非良构的问题，实现学习迁移；如何从扶到放设计学习任务；如何推行个性化的教学；本文概要地讨论了综合学习设计理论和认知负荷理论的若干重要主张和认识。