载荷位移法在功图量油技术中的应用

摘要

目前示功图量油技术主要采用有效冲程法计算产量，结蜡和气体等因素都会对计算值产生影响，存在较大的误差。载荷位移法是根据地面示功图中特定载荷对应的位移计算出泵效，然后进行油井产量计算。以流量计法为标准，对研究区内的油井用2种方法进行对比分析，载荷位移法受结蜡和气体等因素影响较小，它的计算值大多在流量计法和有效冲程法之间。综合其他计产方法及沉没度资料，确定泵效修正系数，载荷位移法都能把计算值控制在合理范围内。气体存在可以引起流量计法测量值的增加，却会降低有效冲程法的计算值。结蜡常与严重供液不足、气体影响和固定阀漏失等因素综合在一起。一方面，结蜡增加示功图载荷的变化幅度，可以增加有效冲程法的计算值。另一方面，结蜡井容易造成原油脱气，形成气体影响示功图，降低有效冲程法的计算值。%Currently the output metering technology based on dynamometer card is to adopt the effective stroke method to calculate production mainly.Because factors such as paraffin and gas can affect calculating result,there is a big error for output metering.The load displacement method is to use the corresponding displacement to specific pump load in dyna-mometer card to calculate pump efficiency,and then to obtain well production.Taking the flowmeter method as a standard, according to the comparative analysis of output metering values by the two methods for all available wells in the research area,the load displacement method is less influenced by factors such as paraffin and gas,and most of its values are be be-tween the flowmeter method and the effective stroke method.In combination with other methods and submergence depth da-ta,the correction coefficient of pump efficiency is determined,so that the calculation value by the load displacement meth-od can be within the reasonable scope.Gas will increase the measured value by the flowmeter method,but reduce the one by the effective stroke method.Paraffin deposit is often associated with factors such as serious inadequacy for liquid,gas in-fluence,and fixed valve leakage.On the one hand,paraffin deposit increases the variation range of pump loads and the cal-culated value by the effective stroke method.On the other hand,paraffin precipitation well tends to cause oil outgassing, and forms the dynamometer card affected by gas,which reduces the value in the effective stroke method.