氯代有机物污染场地的监控自然衰减修复初探

摘要

氯代有机物因其高毒性、高富集性、高环境残留的特点及其“致癌、致畸、致突变”效应被美国环保局(EPA)列为优先控制污染物。氯代有机物污染场地的传统物理、化学、生物修复方式修复费用相对较高，对污染场地周边环境影响较大。监控自然衰减（MNA）是一种国际上应用较广的污染场地修复和管理技术，近年来在我国逐渐得到关注，其利用污染物自身的自然衰减作用达到修复目标，从而降低修复成本，规避工程风险。本文重点介绍监控自然衰减技术，并结合氯代有机物自然衰减过程中的生物降解作用、降解途径与机理、主要降解菌和酶等要素对氯代有机物污染场地实施监控自然衰减修复的可行性进行初步探究。%Due to the high toxicity, potential of biological accumulation, recalcitrance to degradation and the known carcinogenic/teratogenic/mutagenic effects, the chlorinated organic compounds have been listed as priority controlled pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In view of chlorinated pollutants contaminated sites, the traditional physical, chemical and biological remediation methods often impose relatively high costs and considerable impacts on the surrounding environment. The monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is an effective technology for site remediation and management and has been widely used internationally, which gradually attracts more and more attentions in China in recent years. It relies on the intrinsic potential of the pollutants to degrade naturally to meet the remediation requirements, and thereby would reduce treatment costs and lower on-site project risks. This paper focuses on the introduction of MNA technology, as well as the characteristics of chlorinated organic compounds such as the biodegradation pathways and mechanisms during the process of natural attenuation, the main degradation microbial communities and the key biodegradation enzymes. A preliminary discussion on the suitability of implementing MNA remediation on chlorinated organic compounds contaminated sites is provided.