Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety and to analyze related complications and potential prognostic factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT ) on hematological malignancies .Methods Patients with hemato-logical malignancies who underwent allo-HSCT from June 2010 to June 2015 were investigated in this retrospective study .Accord-ing to the donor types ,it was divided into compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group (n = 52) and haploid transplantation group (n= 98) .The preconditioning regimens were busulfan/cyclophosphamide ,and anti-thymocyte globulin were needed in haploid transplantation group .Short-term methotrexate + cyclosporine A + mycophenolate mofetil were used for prevention of graft-ver-sus-host disease .The efficacy and safety and related complications of allo-HSCT were analyzed .Results All patients achieved full donor type engraftment ,which was identified by blood type ,chromosome test and DNA polymorphism .The mean times of neutro-phil and platelet engraftment were 12 d and 16 d in compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group and 13 d and 16 d in haploid transplantation group ,respectively .59 cases (39 .3% ) patients were oral mucosa ulcer ,47 patients (31 .3% ) were bacteria and/or fungal infection ,41 cases (27 .3% ) patients were CMV infection ,48 cases (32 .0% ) were acute GVHD ,43 patients (28 .7% ) were chronic GVHD .The median follow-up time of 23 months (1 - 60 months) ,115 patients (76 .7% ,115/150) were disease-free sur-vival ,including 38 cases (73 .1% ,38/52) in compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group ,77 cases (78 .6% ,77/98) in haploid transplantation group ;35 cases (23 .3% ,35/150) patients were died ,including 14 cases (26 .9% ,14/52) in compatriots sibling-matched transplantation group ,21 cases (21 .4% ,21/98) in haploid transplantation group .Death cause analysis showed that 12 ca-ses (8 .0% ) complications from transplantation related death ,of which 5 cases (3 .3% ) were severe infection ,7 cases (4 .7% ) caused by acute GVHD ,23 cases (8 .7% ) patients died because of the primary disease recurrence .The survival rate and mortality was similar between the two groups (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion Allo-HSCT is safe and effective treatment in hematological malignan-cies .The curative effect and security with haploid transplantation were similar to compatriots sibling-matched transplantation .It is necessary to prevent prognostic impact factors such as acute GVHD and infection early .%目的：分析异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT ）治疗恶性血液病的疗效及安全性，探讨移植相关并发症及影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2015年6月贵州医科大学附属医院造血干细胞移植中心行 allo-HSCT 的150例恶性血液病患者的病历资料。按照供者类型不同，将其分为同胞全相合移植组（n＝52）和单倍体移植组（n＝98）。所有患者均采用改良白消安／环磷酰胺（BU ／CY）为预处理方案，单倍体移植组加用兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白（ATG），移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的预防采用短疗程甲氨蝶呤＋环孢素 A ＋吗替麦考酚酯，对150例患者疗效、安全性及移植相关并发症进行分析。结果150例患者经血型、染色体或 DNA 多态性检测证实均达到完全供者细胞植入，同胞全相合移植组平均中性粒细胞及血小板重建时间为移植后12 d 和16 d ，单倍体移植组平均中性粒细胞及血小板重建时间为移植后13 d 和16 d 。150例患者中，59例（39．3％）患者出现口腔黏膜溃疡，47例（31．3％）患者移植后100 d 内发生细菌和（或）真菌感染，41例（27．3％）患者移植后100 d 内发生巨细胞病毒感染，48例（32．0％）患者发生急性 GVHD ，43例（28．7％）患者发生慢性 GVHD 。随访1～60个月，中位随访时间23个月。115例（76．7％）患者无病存活，其中同胞全相合移植组38例（73．1％，38／52），单倍体移植组77例（78．6％，77／98）。35例（23．3％，35／150）患者死亡，其中同胞全相合移植组死亡14例（26．9％，14／52），单倍体移植组死亡21例（21．4％，21／98）。死因分析发现，12例（8．0％）因移植相关并发症死亡，其中5例（3．3％）因严重感染，7例（4．7％）因急性 GVHD ；23例（15．3％）患者因原发病复发死亡。两组患者生存率及死亡率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 allo-HSCT 治疗恶性血液病安全有效，单倍体移植的疗效与安全性接近全相合移植，急性 GVHD 和感染是严重影响移植疗效和预后的危险因素，需早期预防。
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