肋间神经阻滞复合氢吗啡酮静脉镇痛对老年患者术后认知功能及镇痛的影响

摘要

Objective To investigate the influence of pure intercostal nerve block combined with hydromorphone hydrochlo-ride intravenous analgesia on the occurrence of postoperative cognitive function and analgesia in elder patients with thoracic surger-y.Methods Ninety-six ASA I?Ⅱ elder patients with elective thoracic operation were divided into intercostal nerve block group (A),intercostal nerve block combined with hydromorphone hydrochloride intravenous analgesia group (B)and hydromorphone hydrochloride intravenous analgesia group(C)according to the random number table method,32 cases in each group.The patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)with sufentanyl was postoperatively performed in all cases.When analgesia effect was poor, dezocine 0.1mg/kg was intravenously injected.The mean artery pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),visual ana-logue scale (VAS)score and mini mental state examination (MMSE)score were recorded at postoperative 2,6,24,48 h in 3 groups.Results The MMSE score in the group B was higher than that in the group A and C,the VAS score was lower than that in the group A and C,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Postoperative MAP and HR in the group B were more sta-ble than those in the group A and C,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).RR in the group C was more fast and had smaller range than those in the group A and B,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion Intercostal nerve block combined with hydromorphone hydrochloride intravenous analgesia can achieve better postoperative analgesic effect with sta-ble postoperative blood dynamics and low occurrence rate of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction.%目的：探讨单纯肋间神经阻滞与肋间神经阻滞复合氢吗啡酮静脉镇痛对老年开胸手术术后认知功能及镇痛的影响。方法选择96例 ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行开胸手术的老年患者，采用随机数字表法，分为肋间神经阻滞（A 组），肋间神经阻滞复合氢吗啡酮静脉镇痛（B 组）和氢吗啡酮静脉镇痛（C 组），每组32例患者。术后行经静脉自控镇痛，药物为舒芬太尼，镇痛效果不佳时静脉注射地佐辛0．1 mg／kg。记录3组患者术后2、6、24、48 h 平均动脉血压（MAP），心率（HR），呼吸频率（RR），简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）评分及视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分。结果 B 组术后 MMSE 评分高于 A 组和 C 组，VAS 评分低于 A组和 C 组，差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。B 组术后 MAP、HR 比 A 组和 C 组更平稳，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。C 组比 A组和 B 组 RR 更快、幅度小，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论肋间神经阻滞复合氢吗啡酮静脉镇痛在老年胸外科手术后能取得良好的术后镇痛效果，术后血流动力学平稳，术后早期认知功能障碍的发生率降低。