高温、噪声作业人员高血压患病情况及相关因素分析

摘要

目的 探讨高温、噪声作业人员高血压患病情况及相关因素.方法 选取某钢铁企业工人1 263名,其中接触高温、噪声作业者583名为A组,仅接触噪声作业者267名为B组,仅接触高温作业者249名为C组,未接触高温、噪声作业者164名为D组,分析高血压患病情况和相关因素.结果 高血压患病率分析,D组(12.8％)＜C组(25.7％)＜B组(34.5％)＜A组(43.9％).血压(收缩压/舒张压)分析,D组[(115.8±11.5)/(73.6±5.4)mm Hg]＜C组[(124.1±10.7)/(81.9±7.3)mm Hg]＜B组[(132.9±11.3)/(86.7士5.2)mm Hg]＜A组[(143.7±12.8)/(92.4±6.5) mm Hg].A组高血压发病年龄较B组、C组、D组更早(P＜0.05).文化程度越低及工龄、BMI、吸烟量、饮酒量越大,高血压患病率越高.高血压与文化程度呈明显负相关性,与年龄、工龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒呈明显正相关性(P＜0.05).结论 高温、噪声作业人员高血压患病与个人体质、生活习惯有关.%Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in high temperature,noise operators and related factors.Methods A total of 1 263 workers from a steel enterprise were selected,among them,583 operators contacting with high temperature and noise served as the group A,267 operators only contacting with noise as the group B,249 operators only contacting with high temperature as the group C and 164 operators without contacting with high temperature and noise as group D.The prevalence of hypertension and related factors were analyzed.Results In the analysis of hypertension prevalence rate,the group D (12.8％) ＜ group C (25.7％)＜ group B (34.6％)＜group A(43.9％).In the analysis of blood pressure(systolic pressure/diastolic pressure),the group D[(115.8± 11.5)/(73.6±5.4) mm Hg]＜ group C[(124.1±10.7)/(81.9±7.3) mm Hg]＜ group B[(132.9±11.3)/(86.7±5.2) rnm Hg]＜ group A [(143.7 ± 12.8)/(92.4 ± 6.5) mm Hg].The onset age of hypertension in the group A was earlier than that in the group B,C,D (P＜0.05).The lower educational level,the more working years,the bigger body mass index(BMI),themore smoking and drinking were,the higher the hypertension prevalence rate was.Hypertension had significantly negative correlation with the educational level and significantly positive correlation with age,working years,BMI,smoking and drinking (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in high temperature and noise operators is related to personal constitution and living habits.