不同碳肥水平对土壤肥力及烤烟养分吸收和产质量的影响

摘要

Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different carbon fertilizer levels on soil fertility and nutrient absorption, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that carbon fertilizer application could increase available N and K contents during early stage and promote phosphorus release from soil. The nutrient test of middle leaves showed that carbon fertilizer application could increase the total nitrogen and phosphorus content of tobacco plant during early stage and the potassium content in tobacco leaves. Application of carbon fertilizer increased tobacco yield 170.5-506.5 kg/ha and the output value 1146-7739 yuan/ha. The yield and output value increased with the increase of carbon fertilizer rate. Carbon fertilizer application could decrease nicotine content of top leaves, increase the potassium content in cured tobacco leaves and improve the chemical component harmonization. In summary, carbon fertilizer application can be applied to tobacco production and the optimum rate of carbon fertilizer was 1350-1800 kg/ha in western Henan.%通过田间小区试验，研究了不同碳肥水平对土壤肥力及烤烟养分吸收、产质量的影响。结果表明，施用碳肥能提高前期土壤中碱解氮和速效钾含量，促进土壤中磷的释放。中部叶养分分析表明，施用碳肥能提高前期烟株中部叶全氮和全磷含量，并能显著提高烟叶中钾的含量。从产量和产值上看，施用碳肥处理与常规施肥相比，产量增加170.5~506.5 kg/hm2，产值增加1146~7739元/hm2，且随着碳肥用量的增加，烟叶产量和产值也有增加的趋势。化学成分分析表明，施用碳肥可以降低上部叶烟碱含量，提高烤后烟叶钾含量，化学成分更加协调。综合分析，在豫西烟叶生产上施用碳肥可以进行推广应用，碳肥适宜的用量为1350～1800 kg/hm2。