食物特异性 IgG 抗体检测在小儿反复呼吸道感染疾病中的应用价值

摘要

目的：观察食物特异性 IgG抗体检测在儿童反复呼吸道感染疾病中的应用价值。方法广西壮族自治区民族医院儿科2014年4月至2015年4月收治反复呼吸道感染患儿200例,同期选取本院健康体检的正常儿童100例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫方法检测人血清中的14种食物(牛肉、鸡肉、鱼、玉米、蟹、蛋清/蛋黄、蘑菇、牛奶、猪肉、大米、虾、大豆、西红柿、小麦)特异性 IgG 抗体。观察两组患儿14种食物特异性 IgG 阳性率,并分年龄段比较食物特异性 IgG 阳性率；两组患儿对食物过敏 IgG 检测,并分年龄段比较过敏食物的阳性率；两组 IgG 阳性患儿中 IgE 及嗜酸性粒细胞阳性率。结果观察组儿童食物血清特异性 IgG 抗体检测阳性率为76.0%(152/200),显著高于对照组26.0%(26/100),差异有统计学意义(χ2=69.07,P <0.05)。观察组0~2岁、>2~5岁、>5~14岁不同年龄段食物血清特异性 IgG 抗体检测阳性率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组患儿14种食物过敏 IgG 阳性率较高的食物分别是鸡蛋、牛奶、螃蟹,对照组分别是鸡蛋、螃蟹、鱼；观察组鸡蛋、牛奶、虾、大豆 IgG 阳性率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组0~2岁患儿牛奶 IgG 阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)；观察组>2~5岁患儿鸡蛋、牛奶 IgG 阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)；观察组>5~14岁患儿鸡蛋、海产品 IgG 阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。两组 IgG 阳性患儿中 IgE 及嗜酸性粒细胞阳性结果比较差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论食物特异性在反复呼吸道感染患儿中有较高的阳性率,应根据食物特异性抗体对患儿进行治疗。%Objective To investigate the application value of food specific IgG antibody detection in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.Methods From April 2014 to April 201 5,200 patients with recurrent respiratory tract infection in our hospital were selected as observation group,and 100 cases in our hospital were selected as the control group;the two groups of children were observed for 14 kinds of food specific IgG positive rate,IgE and the positive rate of eosinophils.Results The positive rate of serum specif-ic IgG antibody in the observation group was 76%,significantly higher than that of the control group(26%), the difference being statistically significant(P <0.05).The positive rates of serum specific IgG antibodies in different age groups,such as 0 to 2 years,5 to 6 years old,3 to 14 years old,were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P <0.01).The higher positive rates of 14 kinds of food allergic IgG in the observation group were shown in egg,milk and crab,and the positive rate of IgG in the control group were shown in egg,crab and the fish;the positive rates of IgG in egg,milk, shrimp and soybean in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P <0.05 ).The positive rate of IgG in milk in children aged 0 to 2 years old in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P <0.01).The positive rate of IgG in children aged 3 to 5 years old in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group(P <0.01).The positive rate of seafood IgG in chil-dren aged 6 to 14 years old in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01).There was no significant difference in the positive results of IgE and eosinophils between the two groups in IgG positive children(P >0.05).Conclusion Food specificity has a high positive rate in recurrent respiratory tract infections,and the treatment for children should be based on the specific antibody of food.