注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的工作记忆损害特征

摘要

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童工作记忆功能特征.方法:本研究为横断面研究.根据美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册第4版(DSM-IV),对符合ADHD诊断标准的未经治疗的100名门诊患儿及年龄、性别相匹配的100名正常儿童分别采用韦氏儿童智力测验量表中国修订本( C-WISC)及其中的顺背数字(反映言语存贮、加工)、倒背数字(反映言语存贮、加工、中央执行)、Corsi木块和空间n-Back任务(反映视空间存贮和中央执行)进行言语及空间工作记忆测试.结果:ADHD组儿童在顺背数字最高位数及总得分、倒背数字最高位数及总得分、Corsi木块最多木块数及总得分均低于对照组儿童,空间2-Back任务反应时短于对照组儿童(均P ＜0.05).结论:ADHD儿童存在工作记忆功能缺陷,此缺陷涉及言语环路、视空间存贮系统及中央执行.%Objective: To explore the characteristics of working memory in children with attention deficit hy-peractivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: According to the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorderss, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), 100 medication-naive children with ADHD and 100 age-and sex-matched healthy children were included in this cross-sectioal study. They were measured with neuropsychological tests including the full-scale IQ (FIQ) (I. e, C-WISC), digit forward (concerning verbal storage and processing), digit backward (concerning verbal storage, processing and central executive), Corsi blocks task, and spatial n-back (visual-spatial storage and central executive). Results: In this sample, compared to healthy concols, ADHD children scored lower in the longest and raw score of digit forward [(6. 7 ± 1. 4) vs. (8. 0 ± 1. 2), (8. 7 ±2. 7) vs. (11. 4 ±2. 1)], the longest and raw score in digit backward [(3. 2 ±0. 9) vs. (4. 3 ± 1. 3), (3.9 ± 1. 6) vs. (6. 2 ±2. 5)], the longest and raw score in Corsi blocks test [(3. 9 ±0. 9) vs. (4. 7 ± 1. 0), (6. 7 ± 1. 6) vs. (8. 6 ± 1. 8)], and got shorter response timein2-Back [(699. 8 ±323.6) vs. (914.4 ±412. 1)]. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is significant deficiency in working memory in children with ADHD. And the deficiency is involed in the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad storage systems and a central executive.