Asperger综合征儿童的智力结构与临床症状

摘要

Objective:To analyze the intelligence structure characteristics in Asperger syndrome (AS) children and to explore the relation between intelligence composite index with clinic syndrome.Methods:Totally 54 children were selected,including 27 children who were diagnosed as AS according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fouth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) criteria and 27 control children.The two groups children were assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition and in the AS group,the Asperger Syndrome Screening Scale was filled by the parents of AS children to assess their clinical symptoms.Results:The AS group scored lower in the full scale intelligence quotient [(96.1 ± 12.0) vs.(105.6 ± 9.4),P ＜ 0.05],perceptual reasoning index [(100.4 ± 13.6) vs.(108.9 ± 11.2),P ＜ 0.05],working memory index [(92.3 ± 10.0) vs.(97.9 ± 9.9),P ＜ 0.05],processing speed index [(92.2 ± 11.5) vs.(107.4 ± 12.8),P ＜ 0.05] and cognitive proficiency index [(90.8 ± 9.3) vs.(102.3 ± 10.6),P ＜ 0.05].Among the 10 core subsets,AS children scored lower than control children in block design [(9.7 ± 3.4) vs.(12.3 ± 2.6),P ＜ 0.05],digit span [(7.9 ± 1.9) vs.(9.0 ±1.9),P ＜0.05],coding [(8.2±2.2) vs.(11.3 ±3.0),P＜0.05] and symbol search [(9.2 ±2.6) vs.(11.6±2.5),P ＜0.05].There was no canonical correlation between intelligence composite indexes and the scores of clinical symptoms(r =0.34-0.63,Ps ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Children with AS may have the normal general ability,but lower than the normal.AS children may display a cognitive profile that is general ability index is better than cognitive proficiency index.Further studies investigating the relationship between clinical symptoms and intelligence composite indexes are needed.%目的:探讨Asperger综合征(Asperger syndrome,AS)儿童的智力结构特点及其智力合成指数与其临床症状的相关关系.方法:采用国内修订韦氏儿童智力量表第4版(Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition,WISC-Ⅳ)对27例符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版的AS儿童和年龄、性别匹配的27名正常儿童进行测试,由AS儿童家长填写AS筛查量表以评估其临床症状.结果:AS组在总智商[(96.1±12.0) vs.(105.6±9.4)]、知觉推理指数[(100.4±13.6) vs.(108.9±l1.2)]、工作记忆指数[(92.3±10.0) vs.(97.9±9.9)]、加工速度指数[(92.2±l1.5)vs.(107.4±l2.8)]、认知效率指数[(90.8±9.3) vs.(102.3±10.6)]均低于正常对照组(均P＜0.05).分测验中AS组在积木[(9.7±3.4) vs.(12.3±2.6)]、背数[(7.9±1.9)vs.(9.0±1.9)]、译码[(8.2±2.2) vs.(11.3±3.0)]、符号检索[(9.2±2.6)vs.(1 1.6±2.5)]的得分低于对照组(P＜0.05).AS的智力合成指数与其临床症状未发现具有相关关系(r =0.34 ～0.63,均P＞0.05).结论:AS组智力水平在正常范围但低于正常对照组,AS儿童存在着一般认知能力高于认知效率的认知模式,AS儿童的智力合成指数与其临床症状的关系有待进一步研究.