流动和留守儿童生活事件和人际关系与利他亲社会行为的关系

摘要

目的：研究小学流动儿童和留守儿童负性生活事件、亲子关系、师生关系与利他亲社会行为的关系。方法：选取流动儿童1198人、留守儿童1631人，采用儿童青少年亲社会行为量表中的利他亲社会行为维度（CAPBQ-A）评估儿童的利他亲社会行为、生活事件量表（LEQ）评估儿童的负性生活事件、社会心理处境分化量表中的父母信任与支持感知维度（SPRQ-P）和教师信任与支持感知维度（SPRQ-T）评估儿童的亲子关系和师生关系。结果：流动儿童CAPBQ-A得分高于留守儿童（P＜0.001）。对CAPBQ-A得分具有直接预测作用的是儿童类别（β＝－0.07）、LEQ 得分（β＝－0.04）、SPRQ-P 得分（β＝0.13）、SPRQ-T得分（β＝0.31）；SPRQ-P得分对流动儿童的预测程度比对留守儿童预测程度更大（β＝－0.06），SPRQ-T得分对留守儿童的预测程度比对流动儿童预测程度更大（β＝0.06）（均P＜0.01）。结论：留守儿童利他亲社会行为更差。人际关系对两类儿童利他亲社会行为的预测作用相比负性生活事件更大；亲子关系对流动儿童利他亲社会行为的预测作用要高于留守儿童，师生关系对留守儿童利他亲社会行为的预测作用要高于流动儿童。%Objective:To explore the relationship of negative life events,parent-child relationship,teacher-child relationship with the altruistic prosocial behaviors in migrant and unattended primary school children. Methods:Totally 1198 migrant children and 1631 unattended children were recruited. The dimension of"altruistic prosocial behavior"of Child and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire (CAPBQ-A)was used to evaluate altruistic prosocial behaviors,Life Event Questionnaire (LEQ)was used to evaluate negative life events,"parent trust and support dimension"of Social Psychological Relationship Questionnaire(SPRQ-P)to evaluate par-ent-child relationship, and teacher trust and support dimension (SPRQ-T ) to evaluate teacher-child relationship. Results:The CAPBQ-A scores were higher in migrant children than in the unattended children (P<0. 001). Being migrant or unattended children (β=-0. 07),LEQ score (β=-0. 04),SPRQ-P score (β=0. 13) and SPRQ-T score (β=0. 31 )predicted the CAPBQ-A score significantly. The SPRQ-P score had significantly stronger predictive effect on the migrant children compared to the unattended children (β=-0. 06 ). Yet the SPRQ-T score predicted the unattended children stronger (β=0. 06 ,Ps<0. 0 1 ). Conclusion:The unattended children's al-truistic prosocial behaviors are much worse than the migrant children. Personal relationships seem to play a more important role than negative life events in shaping children's altruistic prosocial behaviors. Moreover,the parent-child relationship seems to be more important to the migrant children,whereas the teacher-child relationship is more important to the unattended children.