大学生对创业失败的内隐污名效应

摘要

目的：创业失败是指创业绩效持续降低直至企业倒闭的过程，本研究试图分析大学生对于创业失败是否具有显著的内隐污名效应。方法：以一个班的64名大学生为被试，运用传统的内隐联想测验（IAT）法计算创业失败内隐污名的总D值和3个维度（认知评价、情感反应和行为倾向）上的D值；采用独立样本t检验，以0为标准，分析被试在总D值和3个维度D值上的差异，分析4个D值是否在性别和有无创业经历上存在差异；采用配对样本t检验，分析被试在相容和不相容两类任务上的反应时差异；通过相关分析，检验大学生创业失败内隐污名联想测验工具的可靠性。结果：大学生创业失败内隐污名的总D值以及认知评价、情感反应和行为倾向3个D值均数都大于0；被试在相容任务上的反应时均低于不相容任务（均P＜0.001）；创业失败内隐污名测量工具的分半信度和内在一致性系数分别为0.87和0.82。结论：本样本大学生对于创业失败具有内隐污名效应，即在内隐层面上对于创业失败者存在负面认知，伴有明显的消极情感体验，并表现出歧视行为倾向。%Objective:Entrepreneurial failure refers to the process of entrepreneurial performance continuous decline until the business is bankrupt. The aim of this research is to analyze implicit stigma effect against entrepre-neurial failure in college students. Methods:Sixty-four college students in a natural class participated in this survey, 4 D values of the total tool of entrepreneurial failure implicit stigma and its three dimensions (including cognitive appraisal,emotional reaction,and behavior tendency)were assessed with the traditional implicit association test (IAT). Through independent sample t test,the differences between zero and 4 D values were analyzed. The differ-ences of four D values at gender and entrepreneurial experienceon were explored,the difference between reaction time of the compatibility task and incompatibility task was analyzed,and the reliability of the tool of implicit stigma effect against entrepreneurial failure was evaluated. Results:The 4 D values were all greater than zero. In 3 inde-pendent dimensions and total IATs,the automatic association between entrepreneurial failure and negative words was closer relative to positive words (P<0. 001 ),it showed that their implicit negative attitude against entrepre-neurial failure was significant. Split-halfreliability and internal consistency coefficient of the total tool of entrepre-neurial failure implicit stigma were respectively 0. 87 and 0. 82. Conclusion:In this study,the entrepreneurial failure implicit stigma effect may be significant in college students. These college studeuts have implicit negative cognition and emotion,and discrimination behavior tendency against entrepreneurial failure.