大学新生适应与其人格特质和家庭人际动力特征的关系

摘要

Objective:To explore relationship amongpersonality,family interpersonal dynamics and college students'adaption.Methods:Adaption to college was assessed with the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90)in internet when 1850 freshman selected conveniently from a university in Shanghai (Students with single factor score of SCL-90 equal or greater than 2.5 belonged to the positive group,while the other students with single factor score of SCL-90 all less than 2.5 belonged to the negative group).At the same time,they were evaluated with the Cattell's 16 Personality Factor(16PF)to evaluate their characteristics and Multi-Interpersonal Dynamics Questionnaire for Un-dergraduates (MIDQ-U)for undergraduate students to assess family interpersonal dynamics.Results:The scores of anxiety of 16PFwere higherin the positive groupwith 50 students than in the negative group[(7.2 ±1.4)vs.(4.6 ± 1.9),P <0.001 ],while the scores of extroversion,serenity and alertness of 16PF were lower in the positive groupthan inthe negativegroup.In the SCL-90 positive group,the MIDQ-Uscores of indifference and submissivenesswere higher[(17.3 ±6.0)vs.(14.9 ±4.2),(11.5 ±3.2)vs.(10.3 ±3.1);P <0.001]and the scores of indepen-dencewere lower than that in the positive group[(18.7 ±3.0)vs.(19.8 ±3.4),P =0.02].Path graphanalysiss-howed that anxiety and extroversionpartly predicted freshmen's adaption directly(β=0.57 --0.01 )and partly worked through indifference(β=0.031 --0.004),while decisivenesscompletely functioned through indifference with the coefficient of 0.008.Anxiety had part mediating effect between indifference and freshmen's adaption(β=0.008).In the other three factors,anxietyplayedcompletemediatingrole.Conclusion:Personalities and family inter-personal dynamics may affect each other,then mutually predictstudents'adaption to college.%目的：探讨大学新生适应与人格特质、家庭人际动力特征的关系。方法：选取上海市某高校2013级本科新生1850名，采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）测量新生适应状况（SCL-90单项因子得分≥2.5者考虑适应不良，分入阳性组；单项因子得分均＜2.5者适应良好，分入阴性组），卡特尔十六种人格因素问卷（16PF）评价人格特质、大学生多重人际动力特征问卷（MIDQ-U）评价家庭人际互动特征。结果：SCL-90阳性组（n ＝50）在16PF 上焦虑性人格因素得分高于阴性组（1800人）[（7.2±1.4）vs.（4.6±1.9），P ＜0.001]，而外向性、安详机警性和果敢性得分低于阴性组。SCL-90阳性组在 MIDQ-U 上冷漠、顺从因子得分均高于阴性组[（17.3±6.0）vs.（14.9±4.2），（11.5±3.2）vs.（10.3±3.1）；均 P ＜0.01]，独立因子得分低于阴性组[（18.7±3.0）vs.（19.8±3.4），P ＜0.05]。通径分析显示，16PF 焦虑性、外向性人格特质部分直接作用于新生适应（β＝0.57～－0.01），部分通过 MIDQ-U 冷漠因子中介作用影响新生适应（β＝0.031～－0.004），而16PF 果敢性人格特质则完全通过 MIDQ-U 冷漠因子产生间接影响，通径系数为0.008；除 MIDQ-U 冷漠因子部分直接作用于新生适应（β＝0.10），部分通过16PF 中焦虑性人格因素间接作用于新生适应（β＝0.084），其他因子均完全通过16PF 焦虑性人格特质产生间接影响。结论：大学新生适应受其人格特质、家庭人际动力特征的影响，且人格特质与家庭人际动力特征互相作用进而影响新生适应。