《精神卫生法》对高校心理咨询工作的影响初探——对北京高校心理咨询中心负责人的访谈研究

摘要

Objective:To investigate the impact of China's Mental Health Law on the work of psychological counseling in colleges and universities, and to explore ways to improve the law. Methods: Totally 12 heads of college and university counseling centers in Beijing were conducted with semi-structured interviews. The average age of the interviewees was (40 ±7) years old, with master or doctor degrees in psychology or related disciplines. The method of content analysis was used to analyze the interviewees' understanding of the " Mental Health Law". Results: All of the 12 interviewees had gained some understanding of the "Mental Health Law", and accordingly amended the regulation of their counseling centers. Also, interviewees suggested the positive and negative impacts brought by the law, such as enhancing practitioners' legislative sense, clarifying their responsibilities and boundaries as college and university counseling, as well as difficulties to distinguish psychotherapy and psychological counseling, ambiguity in the legality of working with students who were diagnosed with mental disorders. Moreover, interviewees threw out suggestions on improving the law from the aspect of industry standard, supervision department and vocational qualification. Conclusion: The execution of "Mental Health Law" improves practitioners' legislative sense, clarifies their responsibility. Nevertheless, it does not clearly distinguish psychotherapy from psychological counseling, and be lack of regulation on the psychological counseling industry.%目的:了解《精神卫生法》对高校心理咨询产生的影响,并探究改善方法.方法:对12名北京地区高校心理咨询中心的负责人进行半结构化访谈,受访者平均年龄(40 ±7)岁,均为心理学或相关学科硕士或以上学位.采用内容分析法对访谈誊录稿进行编码分析.结果:12名受访者全部对《精神卫生法》有所了解,并且根据《精神卫生法》修改了心理咨询中心的规章制度.受访者提到《精神卫生法》增强了从业者的法制观念、明确了各主体责任、明晰了高校咨询师工作边界等,但在实际工作中也存在无法区分心理咨询和心理治疗,且不明确是否能为有诊断的学生提供咨询等问题.受访者在行业规范、监管部门和从业资质方面提出了建议.结论:《精神卫生法》的实施加强了高校心理咨询从业者的法制观念,明确了其职责.但其对心理咨询和心理治疗的区分尚未明确,缺乏对心理咨询行业的规定和约束.