互利与平衡：实验动物的伦理、福利与法律∗

摘要

At present, the theory study of experimental animals' ethics and welfare tends to be unified and the practice tends to be standard. However, the development of the practice cannot meet the needs of the development of the theory. On the basis of the existing related theories, this article put forward two cognitions:one is recogniz-ing the reasons of giving ethical care and welfare benefits to experimental animals;the other is how to establish ef-fective specification system. Therefore, we should do as the following three points:acknowledging the basic interests priorities of human beings as the primary principle;realizing the boundary of experimental animal use that is reali-zing the limitations of human development;establishing effective and standardized system to strengthen the supervi-sion function of experimental animal ethics committee and to determine the appropriate legal responsibility.%实验动物伦理与福利的理论研究趋于统一，实践操作也趋于规范，然而实践的发展尚不能满足理论发展的需要。依据现有相关理论，提出两点认识，即要中肯的认清对实验动物予以伦理关怀和福利待遇的理由以及如何建立行之有效的规范体制。为此，应该做到以下三点：承认人类基本利益优先作为首要原则；认识到实验动物利用的边界，也就是说要认识到人类发展的有限性；建立行之有效的规范体制，加强实验动物伦理委员会的审查监督功能以及确定合适的法律责任。