生态主义思想对西方近现代风景园林的影响与趋势探讨

摘要

源于对城市快速扩张、环境恶化和生态危机的担忧,生态学和牛态主义思想成为环境、建筑及风景园林领域热议的话题,同时也对风景园林学科的发展方向产生了重大的影响.通过对西方近现代风景园林设计先驱的思想、著作和实践作品的调查与研究,表明生态主义思想融合了风景园林的社会性、艺术性与生态性,也消解了审美与科学、设计与规划、艺术与生态之间的二元对立关系,其发展和变化深深地影响了西方近现代风景园林的自然观、价值观、研究范畴、设计思维、理论方法和实践技术.在牛态思想的引导下,风景园林从单纯的美学设计逐渐走向上了科学规划的途径,也将由科学走向伦理学的思考.%Because of worries as to rapid urban expanding, environmental degradation and ecological crisis, ecology and ecologism have become the main topics in landscape architecture, affecting the developing direction. By the research or the thought, theories and practices of landscape architects in western area, the results indicates that the social, article and ecological characters were integrated in landscape architecture because of the influence of ecologism, as well as the division between art and science, design and planning, aesthetics and ecology. Meanwhile, the natural view, value view, research category, thought, theories and techniques were influenced by the development of ecologism. Under the guidance of ecological ideology, the landscape architecture has changed from aesthetical designs to scientific methods, and will grow from science to the ethical thought.