基于社区营造视角的非物质文化遗产保护与传承研究

摘要

China has initially established the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) system covering national,provincial,municipal and county level.However,it is just the starting point for ICH protection,and how to realize the revival and inheritance of ICH is still a severe challenge.ICH is the cultural relics rooted in its specific native community,thus its protection and inheritance must return to the native community.However,in the current ICH protection practice,the importance of community has not received due attention,which is the internal cause of ICH protection dilemma.The community building movements in Japan and Taiwan,China,had not only reconstructed and revived the communities,but also promoted the revival and inheritance of traditional culture heritage in the community areas successfully,and their experience is worth learning for domestic ICH works.So the perspective of community building,emphasis of community's leading role,return to native community,rebuilding community cultural identity of ICH,and transformation from simply protection to overall connotative development,are the paths worth for exploring in China's future ICH protection and inheritance.%中国已初步建立了涵盖国家级、省级、市级和县级的非物质文化遗产体系,但非物质文化遗产体系的建立只是非物质文化遗产保护工作的起点,如何实现非物质文化遗产复兴与传承仍是一个严峻挑战.非物质文化遗产是根植于其特定原生社区的文化遗存,所以非物质文化遗产的保护与传承必须回到原生社区中.但在目前的非物质文化遗产保护实践中,社区地位并未得到应有的重视,这也是造成非物质文化遗产保护困难的内在根源.日本和中国台湾地区的社区营造运动在重建与复兴社区的同时,也成功推动了社区中传统文化遗产的复兴与传承,其经验值得国内非物质文化遗产保护工作借鉴.故基于社区营造视角,回归原生社区,强调社区主导地位,从单纯保护非物质文化遗产扩展到社区整体的内涵式发展,重建社区对非物质文化遗产的文化认同,正确认识并利用外部力量协助,构建循序渐进、持续评估的体制是未来中国非物质文化遗产保护与传承工作值得探索的路径.