2001至2010年广西7岁以下儿童保健与健康状况分析

摘要

Objective To understand the health status of children under 7 years old in Guangxi Province , death of children under 5 years and underlying trends in children health indicators .Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on related indicators in annual reports of children’s health care during 2001-2010.Results Coverage rate of health care of children under 7 years old reached 79.5%in 2010. Systematic management rate of children under 3 years old was 78.2%.The incidence of moderate and severe malnutrition in children under 5 years old reduced to 2.9%.Among children under 5 years of age, the prevalence of moderate and severe anemia was 0.94%, and the incidence rate of low birth weight was 4.6%.Mortality of children under 5 and that of infants dropped to 9.3‰and 6.7‰, respectively. From 2001 to 2010, the rate of neonatal visits, the management rate of children health care under 7 years old and the systematic management rate of children under 3 years old were improved (χ2 value was 92 628.576, 241 505.000 and 146 644.100, respectively, all P<0.05).Meanwhile, the mortality of children under 5 continued to decline in Guangxi Province , and the malnutrition rate was relatively low, which indicated that the requirements of Guangxi Province were met .In some areas , health care coverage for children under 7 years old and the children ’ s systematic management rate did not meet the requirements .Conclusion Health investment should be strengthened continuously in rural areas .Basic knowledge and skills training on children ’ s health care need to be strengthened , as well as the publicity and health education .%目的：了解广西7岁以下儿童的健康状况，分析5岁以下儿童死亡及相关儿童保健指标变化趋势。方法对2001至2010年广西儿童保健工作情况年报表相关指标进行分析。结果2010年，7岁以下儿童保健覆盖率达到79．5％，3岁以下儿童系统管理率为78．2％，5岁以下儿童中重度营养不良患病率降至2．9％，5岁以下儿童中重度贫血患病率0．94％，低出生体重发生率4．6％，5岁以下儿童死亡率、婴儿死亡率分别降至9．3‰、6．7‰。2001至2010年全区的新生儿访视率、7岁以下儿童保健管理率、3岁以下儿童系统管理率均有提高（χ2值分别为92628．576、241505．000、146644．100，均P＜0．05）。广西2001至2010年5岁以下儿童死亡率持续下降，营养不良患病率处于较低水平，完成了2001至2010年广西两纲目标的要求；部分地区7岁以下儿童保健覆盖率、系统管理率尚未达到要求。结论继续加强农村地区的卫生投入，加强基层儿童保健工作的基本知识和技能培训，加强宣传和健康教育工作。