不同生境条件对紫茎泽兰营养生长的影响

摘要

Random quadrat survey procedures were applied to measure the distribution of population of Eupalorium adenophorum in vegetative period in Yingjiang County of Yunnan Province and to determine the relation of the number of individual plants and branches, plant height and biomass yields of E. adenophorum and biomass of other plants with the environmental factors such as longitude, latitude, altitude, aspect and slope. The results showed that 1) The land elevation affected obviously the number of individual plants and branches, plant height and biomass yield of E. adenophorum which thrives on the land at the elevation from 1 400 m to 2 200 m; 2) The altitude had an obvious impact on the number of individual plants and plant height of E. adenophorum which grew exuberantly at between the latitudes 24°N to 25°N; 3) The longitude had an significant impact on the number of individual plants and vegetable branches of E. adenophorum which was adapted to grow in the area at the longitudes of equal or over 97°;4) The slope of hill affected obviously the plant height and biomass yield of E. adenophorum which grew better in the middle of the slope of the hill; 5) The wind direction of the slope influenced significantly the plant height and biomass yield of E. adenophorum which grew better particularly in crosswind slopes. According to the analysis and survey as well as the literature available, the areas suitable for vigorous growth of E. adenophorum were located at an elevation ranging from 1 400 m to 2 200 m, or at the north latitude less than and equal to 25°,or at the east longitude ranging from 97°to 102°,or on the slope ranging from 15°to 29°,or at southward, eastward or westward facing slopes, and these areas are suggested for important control. And the areas for secondary important control are those where E. adenophorum grows less vigorously at the elevation of lower than 1 300 m and higher than 2 300 m, or at the north latitude of more than 25° or east longitude of more than 102°,or on gentle slope, the middle of slope or southward facing slopes.%随机样方调查研究云南省盈江县紫茎泽兰种群的株丛数、分枝数、株高、生物产量以及其他植物生物量与经纬度、海拔、坡度、坡向等环境因素的关系.结果表明:①海拔对紫茎泽兰种群的株丛数、分枝数、株高和紫茎泽兰生物产量有明显的影响;以海拔1400～2200m为紫茎泽兰种群营养生长的旺盛地区.(2)纬度对紫茎泽兰种群株丛数和株高有明显的影响.紫茎泽兰种群在北纬240°～25°的范围内生长茂盛.③经度对营养生长期紫茎泽兰的株丛数、营养枝数有明显的影响;经度≥97°的地区为紫茎泽兰种群生长的适宜地区.④坡度对营养生长紫茎泽兰的株高及紫茎泽兰生物量有明显的影响,尤其以中等坡度上的紫茎泽兰种群生长良好.⑤风向坡对营养生长期紫茎泽兰的株高和生物产量有影响;尤以侧风坡方向的紫茎泽兰种群长势良好.根据调查分析与踏察结果以及总结历年的相关文献,建议以海拔1400～2200 m,或北纬小于等于25°,或东经在97°～1020°或坡度为15°～29°,或坡向是阳坡和半阳坡的紫茎泽兰属生长旺盛的适宜地区,作为紫茎泽兰的重点防治地区:以海拔低于1300m和高于2 300m,或北纬25°以上,或东经大于102°,或缓坡和中等坡度,或阴坡的紫茎泽兰次适宜生长区域作为次重点防治地区.