以毛酸浆的根尖为实验材料,对几种预处理方法、 解离方法、 染色体制片方法进行了比较研究.结果表明:毛酸浆根尖用0.1%秋水仙素和0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉1:1混合液4℃条件下处理3 h,固定后先用1 mol/L HCl在60℃条件下解离3 min,再用混合酶液进行酶解,染色制片后得到的染色体图像效果比较清晰.供试的2个品种染色体数目均为2n=24,属于小型染色体,但它们的核型具有明显差异,'铁把小菇娘':染色体总长为30.72μm,绝对长度范围1.61~3.42μm,核型公式2n=2s m+22m,属于1B核型,核型不对称系数为56.35%;'粒粒甜菇娘':染色体总长28.42μm,绝对长度范围1.52~3.32μm,核型公式2n=2sm+2M+20m,属于2B核型,核型不对称系数为54.93%.%In this paper, the experimental materials were the root tips of two cultivars from Physalis pubescens L. The methods of pretreatment, dissociation and chromosome sectioning technique were studied for the karyotype analysis. The root tips of P. pubescens L. were pretreated with 0.1% colchicines and 0.002 mol/L 8-hydroxyquinoline (1:1) for 3 h at 4℃. The root tips were dissociated in 1 N HCl at 60℃ for 3 min, and then the root tips were enzymatic hydrolyzed with mixed enzymes. The results showed the images of the chromosome were clear. The chromosome number of the two cultivars were both 2n=24, and which were both small chromosome. However, the karyotypes were different. P. pubescens 'Tieba': The chromosome length was 30.72μm, and the variation range of the chromosome length was 1.61~3.42μm. The karyotype formula was 2n=2sm+22m, which belongs to "1B" type, as the karyotype asymmetry index was 56.35%. P. pubescens 'Lilitian': The chromosome length was 28.42μm, and the variation range of the chromosome length was 1.52~3.32 μm. The karyotype formula was 2n=2sm+2M+20m, which belongs to "2B" type, as the karyotype asymmetry index was 54.93%.
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