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化学工程师

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本刊主要面向各大中小型石油、化工、医药、农药等行业的科研、企业、设计、贸易等单位发行。是科研及企业管理者的良师益友。
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  • 主管单位：黑龙江省石化行业协会
    主办单位：黑龙江省化工研究院
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化学工程师 >2023年第10期

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  • 摘要：In view of the problems of reinjection of produced water in Songfangtun oilfield M layer,studies on optimization of reinjection scheme for produced water were conduct.Combined with information of block and practical situation,optimal scheme of reinjection for this oilfield was made with the help of laboratory experiments.It was observed that reservoir was polluted seriously by produced water,and permeability of reservoir reduced with increase of pollution extent,so it should be treated before reinjection.In laboratory experiments,clean/polluted water was found to reduce pollution extent.Combined with results of experiments,suitable scheme of re-injecting produced water was optimized:clean/polluted water was mixedly injected with ratio of 50:1,adding 1.5％ organophosphorus ester as anticrustator,1.0％ THPS as bactericide.%本针对宋芳屯油田M层采油污水回注的问题,开展采油污水回注方案优选研究.结合区块资料及实际生产状况,通过室内模拟注水实验,制定该油田采油污水回注的最优方案.实验发现,采油污水对储层污染程度较大,随着污染程度升高,储层渗透率降低,因此,需要对其进行处理后再回注.在室内实验中,发现清污混注能有效减轻注入水对储层的污染.最终结合实验结果,优选出合适的回注方案:采用清污昆注的注入方式,清污比50:1,其中添加1.5％有机磷酸酯作为防垢剂,1.0％四羟甲基硫酸磷作为杀菌剂.
  • 摘要：This paper briefly introduces the generation,development,applications,structures,and properties of cyclodextrin chemistry.Emphases are put on three parts:(1)preparations and self-assemblies of new cyclodextrin derivatives and their applications in medicine;(2)synthesis of new cyclodextrin derivatives and their applications in material science;(3)synthesis of new cyclodextrin derivatives and their applications in electrochemistry and analytical separation science.Future developments of cyclodextrin chemistry are prospected in the end.%简要介绍了环糊精化学的产生、发展及应用,环糊精化合物的结构及特性.详细介绍了:(1)新型环糊精衍生物的制备、自组装及在医药学中的应用;(2)新型环糊精衍生物的合成及在材料科学中的应用;(3)新型环糊精衍生物的合成及在电化学和分析分离科学中的应用.并对环糊精化学的发展进行了展望.
  • 摘要：针对LN油田深部调驱技术应用过程中聚合物堵塞导致的水井注入压力上升过快,欠注等现象,筛选出强氧化剂二氧化氯,将酸化和氧化原理结合形成复合解堵增注技术.通过室内实验,复合解堵剂不仅能解除无机物堵塞,而且能有效解除聚合物、聚合物凝胶、细菌和FeSO4等的有机物堵塞,有效解决地层堵塞造成的注入压力上升过快,配注不达标,间歇注入等问题,为LN油田高效开发和产量的持续稳定提供技术支持.%Aiming at the problem of rapid increase of water injection pressure and short shots because of polymer blockages in the process of chemical flooding in LN oil field,the authors select strong oxidant of chlorine dioxide,combine the principle of acidification and oxidation to form compound plugging and injection technology.Through indoor experiments,the composite plugging agent cann't only remove inorganic plugging,and can effectively remove organic polymer,polymer gel,bacteria and ferrous sulfide,effectively solve rapid increase of water injection pressure,short shots and intermittent injection because of polymer blockages,and provide technical support for the continued stability of LN Oilfield efficient development and production.
  • 摘要：Heteropolyacids ionic liquid [HMIM]3PMo12O40 was synthesized and used as catalyst in the coupling oxidation-extraction desulfurization of model oil.The effects of the temperature,,the dosage of [HMIM]3PMo12O40 as catalyst,the dosage of H2O2 as oxidant,the reaction time on the desulfurization rate were studied,the results show that the desulfurization rate could be 84.6％ under the conditions of T=70℃,t=90min,n(catalyst)(s)=0.04,n(H2O2)(s)=6,the volume of acetonitrile V=4mL,the catalyst [HMIM]3PMo12O40 has a good cycle performance.%采用两步合成法制备了杂多酸离子液体[HMIM]3PMo12O40,研究了其在汽油氧化萃取耦合脱硫中的催化性能.通过单因素实验,分别考查了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和氧化剂H2O2的用量对模拟汽油中硫化物苯并噻吩的脱除效果影响.研究表明,当T=70℃,催化剂[HMIM]3PMo12O40用量n[HMIM]3PMol2O40)(s)=0.04,氧化剂用量n(H2O2)(S)=6,t=90min,萃取剂乙腈用量V=4mL时,脱硫率可达84.6％,且杂多酸离子液体[HMIM]3PMo12O40具有较好的循环使用性能.
  • 摘要：目的:合成抗肿瘤活性物质1-(4'-甲氧基苯基)-7-(3"-羟基苯基)-3',4"-环氧-3-庚醇.方法:采用羟醛缩合、催化氢化和Williamson等化学反应合成目标产物.结果:完成了从青龙衣抗肿瘤活性部位分离得到的环状二芳基庚烷类化合物1-(4'-甲氧基苯基)-7-(3"-羟基苯基)-3',4"-环氧-3-庚醇的首次全合成,产物结构经IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR和MS进行了确证.结论合成目标产物的试剂廉价易得,方法简便高效.%Objective:Synthetic antitumor active substances 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3"-hydroxyphenyl)-3',4"-epoxy-3-heptaminol.Methods:The target products were synthesized by hydroxyaldehyde condensation,catalytic hydrogenation and Williamson.Results:From pericarpium juglandis antitumor active site of circular diaryl heptane compounds were isolated from 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3"-hydroxyphenyl)-3',4"-epoxy-3-heptaminol fully synthetic heptanol,product structure by IR,1H-NMR、13C-NMR and MS.Conclusion The reagent of the resultant product is cheap and easy to use,and the method is simple and efficient.
  • 摘要：利用在石油化工生产中的一些体会和经验,对离子液体催化碳四烷基化的新工艺进行研究,提出节能环保最佳方案,使用低毒、低酸耗、高使用寿命的离子液体作为烷基化催化剂,进而开发出新一代烷基化清洁工艺.%Using some experience in petrochemical production,the new process of C4 alkylation catalyzed by ionic liquid are studied.the best energy conservation and environmental protection option are proposed,using ionic liquid which is low toxicity,low acid consumption,longer service life as alkylation catalyst,furthermore,the new alkylation cleaner production process are development.
  • 摘要：Lignin is abundant renewable resource in the nature.Degradation product has wide prospect of application to polymer resin materials because of its more alcohol hydroxyl content.In this paper,three types of base ionic liquids with imidazole anion were synthesized to degrade lignin.Alcohol hydroxyl content was studied to prompt further use of lignin.%木质素是自然界中广泛存在的可再生资源.木质素降解后,其羟基含量会增加,在高分子树脂材料方面有很大的应用前景.本文采用3种咪唑阴离子类碱性离子液体催化降解木质素,考察其对木质素降解物中醇羟基含量影响,为进一步促进木质素的应用提供一定的实验参考.
  • 摘要：本研究以高岭土和SiO2为主要原料,水泥为固化剂、活性炭粉为泡沫稳定剂、聚乙烯醇为粘结剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和三乙醇胺为发泡剂,采用直接起泡室温成型干燥制备高开孔率泡沫陶瓷.研究了SiO2和高岭土配比、温度对泡沫陶瓷坯体成型、开孔率的影响.结果表明,在同一温度下,随高岭土含量的增加,泡沫陶瓷的开孔率逐渐降低.高岭土含量达到50％时,可制备出成型完好、开孔率达到81.8％的泡沫陶瓷.%Ceramic foams with a high open porosity was prepared by employing kaolin and silica as raw materials,cement as curing agent,hydrophobic activated carbon powders as foam stabilizing agent,Polyvinyl alcohol as binder,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and triethanolamine as foaming agent via direct foaming molded and dried at room temperature.Effects of the ratio of kaolin and silica and temperature on the molding and open porosity of ceramic foams were investigated.The results indicate that,with the increase of kaolin content,open porosity of ceramic foams is gradually decreased at a constant temperature.The foam slurry can mold perfectly and the open porosity can reach 81.8％ when the kaolin content is 50(wt)％.
  • 摘要：建立了采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术快速、准确测定蔬菜中甲拌磷残留量的方法,通过液-液提取的方式对蔬菜样品进行前处理,提取后使用气质联用仪进行分析.该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,甲拌磷检测线性范围为0.01 ～ 0.2mg· L-1,检出限为0.005mg· kg-1,加标回收率在83.5％～91.3％之间,可以作为蔬菜中甲拌磷残留量的检测和确证方法.%A rapid and accurate method for determination of phorate residue in vegetables was established by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The vegetable samples were determined by GC-MS after liquid-liquid extraction.The linear range of the method was 0.01～0.2mg·L-1,the determination limit was 0.005mg·kg-1,and the recoveries were 83.5％～91.3％.The proposed method has good selectivity and high sensitivity,and was suitable for analysis of phorate residue in vegetables.
  • 摘要：Gentiana scabra Bunge is one of traditionally Chinese medicinal materials.With the reserch of modem Chinese medicine,serval pharmacological substances was separated from Gentiana scabra Bunge,beside of its protection of iver,more and more pharmacological effects of Gentiana scabra Bunge are discovering during these years.In order to contribuating on its further research,this study is mainly about the pharmacological effects of Gentiana scabra Bunge presently,due to it was popular all these years.%龙胆是中国中药传统药材之一.现代中药研究发现龙胆中可分离出多种具有药理活性的化学组分,且除传统理念上的保肝护肝作用外,龙胆的一些其他药理作用也随之浮出水面.近年来龙胆在中药研究领域及临床应用上可谓是炙手可热,本文对龙胆药理作用进行总结,为龙胆的进一步研究与应用提供参考.
  • 摘要：原油在炼制过程中会产生催化裂化油浆、减压渣油等成分复杂的物质,对其进行精密的萃取分离,可对其化学组分及结构进行深入分析,萃取馏分可用于制备高性能的碳材料.本文介绍了超临界流体萃取技术在制备中间相沥青、分离渣油等重油加工领域的应用,并对萃取装置、流程及工艺参数等因素进行简要分析.%The crude oil will produce FCC slurry,vacuum residue,complex composition,etc,after the precise extraction sepration of which,the chemical composition and structure could be analyzed in depthand extraction fraction could be used to prepare high performance carbon materials.The application of supercritical fluid extraction technology in the preparation of mesophase pitch and residue oil were introduced in this paper,and the extraction device,process and process parameters were analyzed briefly.
  • 摘要：Felodipine is second generation 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist.It is widely used drug for the treatment of hypertension.Felodipine was synthesized by 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde,ethyl acetoacetate and methyl β-aminocrotonate through one step.Felodipine was characterized with IR.%非洛地平是第二代1,4-二氢吡啶类钙离子拮抗剂,是治疗高血压的药物.以甲醇为溶剂,以2,3-二氯苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯和β-氨基巴豆酸甲酯为原料,进行三组分反应,一步法合成了非洛地平,对产物结构用红外光谱进行了表征.
  • 摘要：采用等体积浸渍法制备Ni-B/SiO2非晶态合金催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对新鲜催化剂进行了表征,确定了其非晶态结构,使用该催化剂催化环戊二烯选择加氢,实验结果表明:在H2压力为0.5MPa,温度30℃,反应80min,环戊二烯的转化率为100％,环戊烯的选择性93％.%The Ni-B/SiO2 amorphous alloy catalyst has been prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation method,the amorphous structure is determined by using X ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED).This thesis investigated the Ni-B/SiO2,which was used in a high pressure reactor for selectivity hydrogenation of cyclopentadiene to cyclopentene.The results showed that at reaction pressure of 0.5MPa,reaction temperature of 30℃,reaction time of 80min,the conversion of cyclopentadiene was 100％ and the selection of cyclopentene was 93％.
  • 摘要：针对低渗透油藏注水开发采收率低的问题,进行了阴非复配表面活性剂的筛选与评价研究.通过对界面张力及乳化性能的测定,确定十二烷基苯基磺酸盐(SDBS)与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)进行复配,具有良好的表面活性剂性能.通过阴非复配体系的特点、相渗曲线分析以及岩心驱替实验,发现SDBS/AEO-9阴非复配体系具有降低注入压力、提高最终采收率的能力,能够很好的应用于低渗透油藏.确定当表面活性剂浓度为0.5％时,该表面活性剂复配体系能够降低界面张力至10-3mN·m-1,可提高采收率5.41％.%Based on the problem of low recovery of water flooding in low permeability oilfield,the screening and evaluation of the anionic / nonionic surfactants are carried out.Through the measurements of interfacial tension and emulsifying properties,determining SDBS(twelve alkyphenyl sulfonate)/AEO-9 (fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) has a good surfactant performance.Through the characteristics of the anionic / nonionic surfactants,the seepage curve analysis and the core displacement experiment,it is found that the SDBS / AEO-9 system has the ability to reduce the injection pressure and improve the final recovery,and it has a good application in the low permeability reservoirs When the surfactant concentration is 0.5％,the interfacial tension can be reduced to 10-3 mN ·m-1,and the recovery can be improved to 5.41％.
  • 摘要：In this paper,the oxidation damage protection of resveratrol on HepG2 cells induced by H2O2 was studied.HepG2 cells oxidative stress damage model was built by 200μmol· L-1 H2O2.Under different concentration of resveratrol (0,5,10,20 and 40μg· mL-1),the cells of malondialdehyde (MDA) content,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were determined.The results demonstrated that the effect of resveratrol on HepG2 cells can reduce MDA content increased by H2O2 induced damage,and increase the SOD and GSH-Px activities.It suggests that resveratrol has certain protective effects on liver cells oxidative damage induced by H2O2.%本文探讨了白藜芦醇对H2O2诱导的HepG2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用,以200μmol· L-1的H2O2制备HepG2细胞氧化应激损伤模型,检测在不同浓度的白藜芦醇(0、5、10、20、40μg·mL-1)的保护作用下,对细胞丙二醛(MDA)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力的影响.结果表明,白藜芦醇作用于HepG2细胞后,能够降低H2O2诱导损伤引起的丙二醛(MDA)升高,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,表明白藜芦醇对H2O2诱导所致肝细胞氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用.
  • 摘要：采用国标GB/T 5009.6-2003方法提取鳊鱼肌肉中的脂肪成分,以国标GB/T17376-2008/ISO5509:200中的酯交换法将其转化为脂肪酸甲酯后,再应用气相色谱/质谱法,测定分析其脂肪酸组成.结果显示:鳊鱼肌肉(干燥)中含有脂肪13.8％(质量分数),共鉴定出32个脂肪酸成分.其中饱和脂肪酸11种,质量分数总和23.0％;不饱和脂肪酸21种,质量分数总和76.1％;多不饱和脂肪酸11种,质量分数总和18.7％;主要脂肪酸成分有油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、10-十八碳单烯酸、花生单烯酸以及肉豆蔻酸等.%The fatty components in bream muscle extracted with the national standard method of GB/T 5009.6-2003,were converted into fatty acid methyl esters by esterification-exchange reaction according to the method GB/T 17376-2008/ISO5509:200.The fatty components were analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed the fatty components were 13.8％ in dried bream muscle (mass fraction).32 fatty acids were identified totally.Among them,l 1 were saturated fatty acids with the total mass fraction of 23％,while 21 were unsaturated fatty acids with the total mass fraction of 76.1％ and 11 were polyunsaturated fatty acids with the total mass fraction of 18.7％.The main fatty acid compositions were oleic acid,palmitic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,10-octadecenoic cid,arachidonic acid and myristic acid etc.
  • 摘要：According to the error of productivity prediction and inaccurate predict of production capacity by asp measure in oil field,the method of mathematical statistics and laboratory experiment were used in this paper.The evaluation of oil layer was carried out by introducing multiple well parameters and fuzzy synthetic evaluation method.Using multivariate nonlinear method fit the data the mathematical model of production capacity had been established.The result showed that the D value is 0.532 after fuzzy synthetic evaluation,in the interval [0.5～0.75],the oilfield is suitable for the use of asp measure for the"preferably",it indicted that the target block is suitable for asp.In this paper,the two order conversion method is better than the logarithmic conversion method on the problem of transforming nonlinear regression into linear regression,the regression effect of the established mathematical model is better.There is little difference between the actual recovery and the theoretical recovery,the error range of the oil well production model is between 0.12％～0.72％,less error and the model is more accurate.%针对油田采用三元复合驱油增产效果评价存在较大误差、产能预测不准确的问题,本文采用数学统计与室内实验相结合的方法进行分析,通过引入多个参数并结合模糊综合评判法对油层进行评价,利用多元非线性的方法对数据进行拟合,建立产能数学模型.结果表明:在模糊综合评判后得到的D值为0.532,在区间[0.5～0.75]内,油田适合采用三元复合驱的级别为“较好”,说明目标区块适合采用三元复合驱的方式进行开采.在将非线性回归转化为线性回归的问题上,本文采用的二次方转换法更优于对数转换法,所建立的数学模型回归效果较好.岩心实际产油量与理论产油量相差不大,所得到的产能预测模型误差范围在0.12％～0.72％之间,误差较小,模型较为准确.
  • 摘要：目的:优化天花粉多糖的除蛋白工艺.方法:以除蛋白率、多糖收率和天花粉多糖中的中性糖、糖醛酸和蛋白质含量为指标,筛选并优化了天花粉多糖的除蛋白工艺.结果:天花粉多糖的最佳除蛋白工艺为提取液以50％乙醇浓度除杂,上清液调节乙醇浓度达80％醇沉;沉淀加水溶解,TCA浓度15％,体积1:1,振荡30min;取上清液,再加入氯仿-正丁醇溶液体积比10:1,剧烈振摇20min,萃取两次.除蛋白率为88.18％,多糖收率为75.07％,总糖含量可达77.74％,蛋白质含量仅为0.23％.结论:乙醇分级醇沉、TCA法和Sevage法的联合除蛋白质方法简便,成本较低,可大量除去天花粉多糖中的蛋白质和淀粉杂质,提高天花粉多糖纯度.%Objective:To optimize deproteinization process of polysaccharides from Trichosanthis Radix.Method:With retention rate of polysaccharides,deproteinized rate and the content of neutral sugar,uronic acid and protein as indexes,the optimized deproteinization process of polysaccharides from Trichosanthis Radix were studied.Result:The concentrated solution was precipitated sequentially by final concentration of 50％ (v/v) ethanol and 80％ (v/v) ethanol,then the precipitate was removed protein by adding the equal volume of 15％TCA to deprotein 30min,and the last step is that the supernate was mixed with chloroform and n-butanol as volume ratio of 10:1 to severe vibrate 20 min and repeat two times.Retention rate of polysaccharides,deproteinized rate,the content of total sugar and protein were 75.07％,88.18％,77.74％ and 0.23％,respectively.Conclusion:The deproteinized method united grade alcohol sink,TCA and Sevage method could improve the purity of polysaccharide from trichosanthis radix by removing the large amounts of protein and starch impurity,meanwhile the method is simple and low costing.
  • 摘要：用水热法合成了一种苯并咪唑修饰的{PMo12}超分子化合物,经元素组成分析和TG分析确定其化学式为(H2biz)2(Hbiz)[PMo12O40] ·2H2O(1),利用IR、UV和X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征.该化合物是单斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为a=13.5022(2)(A),b=14.3651(2)(A),c=14.9180(2)(A),α=100.8000(10)°,β=90.5780(10)°,γ=115.0570(10)°,V=2561.72(7)(A)3,Z=2,R1=0.0485,wR2=0.0982.循环伏安测试表明,该化合物具有电化学性质和电催化性质.此外,化合物还具有荧光性质和对罗丹明B染料降解的光催化活性.%A interesting supermolecule compound of {PMo12} modified by benzimidazole has been hydrothermally synthesized:(H2biz)2(Hbiz) [PMo12O40] ·2H2O (1) (biz =benzimidazole) and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR,TG and UV-vis absorption spectra.Compound 1 reveals monoclinic system,P-1 space group and cell parameter a=13.5022(2)(A),b--14.3651 (2)(A),c=14.9180(2)(A),α=100.8000(10)°,β3=90.5780 (10)°,γ=115.0570(10)°,V=2561.72(7)(A)3,Z=2,R1=0.0485,wR2=0.0982.Meanwhile,compound 1 inveals good electrocatalytic activity for reduction of hydrogen peroxide.Additionally,compound 1 shows fluorescence photocatalytic propertie in rhodanmine B organic dyes.
  • 摘要：At present,China's major oil fields have entered the middle and late stages of development,the difficulty of oil exploitation is increasing,while some of the crude oil is converted into aging oil due to various reasons,which is difficult to deal with.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the emulsification properties of aging oil.In view of the difficulty of dehydration of aged oil,this paper analyzes the reasons for the difficult treatment of aging oil by micro morphology observation and double layer potential detection.The 15 kinds of demulsifier are screened through laboratory experiments,and the results showed that the dehydration effect of 21# and 401# demulsifier is better than the others,and the best ratio is 1∶1.The optimum demulsifier concentration is 150ppm,the optimum temperature is 70℃.%目前,我国各大油田已进入开发中后期,石油的开采难度不断提高,而一部分原油由于各种原因转化为老化油,难以处理而造成浪费,因此,开展老化油乳化特性研究具有重大意义.针对老化油脱水难的特点,首先,通过微观形态观测和对双电层电位检测,分析老化油难处理的原因.再进行室内实验,筛选了15种破乳剂,确定21#和401#破乳剂脱水效果较好,并进行复配,确定最佳配比1∶1,最佳破乳剂浓度为150×10-6,最佳温度为70℃.
  • 摘要：With the development of our society,China's chemical industry is also in constant development,the chemical research requires a large number of laboratory,the experimental process will produce chemical wastewater,if not in place of wastewater discharge processing.It will damage the ecological environment,hinder the progress of the society.So to the work of monitoring and management of wastewater discharge is imponand.In this paper,the chemical and chemical experimental waste water is taken as an example to analyze the monitoring and management of wastewater discharge.%随着我国社会的发展,我国的化学化工行业也在不断发展,对化学化工进行研究需要大量的实验,在具体实验过程中会产生化学化工实验废水,如果对废水排放工作处理不到位,会对生态环境造成破坏,阻碍社会的进步,所以要做好废水排放的监测与治理工作.本文以化学化工实验废水为例,对废水排放的监测与治理实践工作进行具体分析.
  • 摘要：以氧化聚乙烯、石蜡等为原料制备氧化聚乙烯分散液,将该分散液应用于处理含镉废水,系统考察了不同投加量、pH值、反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:在投加量2.5mL·L-1、pH值为7.0、反应时间5min条件下,初始浓度20mg·L-1的含镉废水经处理后镉离子去除率为99.8％,出水镉离子浓度为0.04mg·L-1,低于电镀污染排放标准(GB21900-2008)中的总镉排放限值要求.%Emulsion of oxidized polyethylene,china wax is synthesized with oxidized polyethylene and paraffin.The emulsion is applied to the treatment of wastewater containing cadmium.The effects of dosage,pH and reaction time on wastewater treatment are investigated.Under the condition of the dosage =2.5mL ·L-1,pH =7 and the reaction time =5min,the results show that the cadmium removal rate is 99.8％ for wastewater with cadmium-ion concentration of 20mg·L-1.The cadmium-ion concentration for the effluent is 0.04mg·L-1,lower than the total cadmium emission limit requirements of the electroplating pollution emission standard (GB21900-2008).
  • 摘要：我刊只接受电子版本的稿件,请作者将稿件通过电子信箱发至编辑部（本刊邮箱：hxgcs@aliyun.com）。收到稿件后会在一周内回复审稿意见。
  • 摘要：The mechanical alloying is used to prepare Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder for the existing issues of the preparation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder in the paper.And it also investigates the effects of milling time and rotating speed on the morphology and size of alloy powder by means of SEM.The results show that the morphology of the alloy powder changes after ball milling,and the shape of the alloy powder changes to near spherical shape and the particle size becomes smaller.With the milling time prolonging,the particle size of the alloy powder decreases.When the milling time exceeds 60 hours,the alloy powder changes little.When the ratio of ball material is 20:1,the particle size of the alloy powder is the smallest.If the ratio is too small,the powder would not refine well,which would lead to powder aggregation.%针对Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末制备过程中存在的问题,采用机械合金化法制备Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末.利用SEM等手段分析研究了球磨时间和转速对合金粉末颗粒形貌、尺寸的影响.结果表明,球磨后,合金粉末的组织形貌发生了变化,形状向近球状发展,颗粒尺寸变细;随着球磨时间的延长,合金粉末的粒度减小,当球磨时间超过60h以后,粒度变化不大;当球料比为20:1时,合金粉末粒度最小,球料比过小,细化不充分,合金粉末出现聚集现象.
  • 摘要：For the carbonate reservoir of low permeability and oil wet,there are still lots of deficiencies in the existing surfactant flooding.In order to solve the problem,a new surfactant CTAB-1 was designed by modifying the surfactant CTAB.Based on the molecular and particle dynamics,the mechanisms of interactions between phases and interphase flow in microchannel were studied from the molecular scale and micro scale respectively.The results show that CTAB-1 can significantly reverse the wettability of the rock,improve the desorption efficiency and rheological properties of the oil phase in microchannel,so as to enhance the oil recovery.%针对碳酸盐岩低渗、多为油湿的油藏,现有的表面活性剂驱油效果还有很大的局限性.本文通过对表面活性剂CTAB进行改性,设计了一种新型表面活性剂CTAB-1.利用微观分子动力学(MD)与介观耗散粒子动力学(DPD),从分子层面研究其作用机理,从微团尺度研究微通道内相间流动.结果表明,改性后CTAB-1能显著使壁面润湿性反转、提高油相在岩壁脱附效率,同时具有更好的流变学性质,从而达到提高采收率的目的.
  • 摘要：建立了液液萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定地表水中邻甲苯胺的检测方法.本方法采用二氯乙烷为萃取剂,以HP-5MS色谱柱进行分离,质谱检测器检测水中邻甲苯胺的含量.邻甲苯胺的方法检出限为0.02μg·L-1,加标回收率在90.6％ ～ 96.9％间,6次测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2％.本方法分离效果好,检出限低,精密度和准确度高,测定结果令人满意,可用于地表水中邻甲苯胺的分析.%Liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry is established to determination of o-toluidine in surface water.This method uses the dichloroethane as the extractant,HP-5 ms chromatographic column separation,mass spectrometry detector to detect the water content of o-toluidine.O-toluidine method detection limit is 0.02μg·L-1,standard addition recovery is between 90.6％～96.9％,six times the determination results,the relative standard deviation less than 2％.This method is good separation effect,low detection limit,high precision and accuracy,and the determination results satisfactory,can be used in the analysis of o-toluidine in surface water.
  • 摘要：本文根据二类油层工业化区块基本概况地质概况,通过物理模拟,对比分析二类油层各区块聚驱开采特点.研究注入压力、注入浓度、流动压力、产液量的变化及分层、注水、调剖等措施对波及效率、驱油效果的影响,建立一套判定聚驱驱替效果和调整注入参数的方法,实现实时分析油井生产数据、控制给小层波及状况、降低聚驱过程中的不确定性和风险因素,改善聚驱效果,提高油藏采收率.%In this paper,according to the basic situation of the two types of oil reservoirs,the physical characteristics of the two types of reservoirs are analyzed and compared.The injection pressure and the influence of concentration,flow pressure,fluid volume changes and stratification,water injection,profile control of sweep efficiency and oil displacement effect were studied,a determination method of polymer flooding displacement effect and adjustment of injection parameters was established,real-time analysis of oil well production data,to control layer affects the condition,to reduce the uncertainty in the process of polymer flooding and risk factors,improve the effect of polymer flooding,the oil recovery efficiency.
  • 摘要：转录组学是研究在特定条件下细胞全部转录本的学科.其能够全面检测分析基因表达与调控规律,尤其适合于以多成分、多靶点为特点的中药学研究.本文介绍了转录组学常用研究方法并对其在中药研究中的应用进行综述,以期为相关研究人员提供参考.%The transcriptome is the set of all messenger RNA molecules in one cell or a population of cells.Transcritomics is the subject of studying the regulation of gene expression.It is suitable for researching on the molecular mechanism of tranditional Chinese medicine which has multi components and targets.This paper review the methods of transcripomics and its application in the research on Chinese medicine,in order to provide reference for researchers.
  • 摘要：As a kind of solid-phase extraction sorbent,polymer monolithic column has the advantages of simple preparation,uniform pore size,good permeability and fast mass transfer,etc.The three types of polymer monolithic columns,including methacrylate-,acrylamide-and styrene-based columns were usually prepared and widely applied in sample pretreatment.The preparation and modification of polymer monolithic columns,and their application as solid-phase extraction sorbents in food,biological,and environmental samples were reviewed.%有机聚合物整体柱作为样品纯化富集的载体,由于其制备简单、孔径均匀、渗透性良好和传质速率高等特点,已在样品前处理中得到了广泛应用.本文对聚甲基丙烯酸酯类、聚丙烯酰胺类和聚苯乙烯类这3类整体柱的制备、改性及其作为富集分离介质在食品、生物、环境等复杂样品分析中的应用进行了阐述.
  • 摘要：ITO/TiO2/CdSe composite films were triumphantly manufactured by electrodeposition of CdSe nanoparticles on ITO/TiO2 surface. The EDX and SEM results manifest that the ratio of Cd and Se is 1:1. Particle size distribution more uniform. The growth of CdSe nanoparticles can be availablycontrolled by regulating the elec-trodeposition potential and time. The UV-Vis spectra manifest that the different electrodeposition conditions have evident effects on the photovoltaic performance of the achieved CdSe thin films.%采用恒电位沉积法,以ITO/TiO2为基质制备CdSe纳米粒子.EDX和SEM测试分析表明,Cd和Se粒子原子比已接近1:1沉积在TiO2表面及内部形成异质结,粒径分布比较均匀.通过调节电沉积的电位和沉积反应时间,可以控制CdSe的粒径.紫外-可见吸收光谱数据表明,不同沉积条件下制备的CdSe粒子展现出不同的光电性能.

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