反应性星形胶质细胞转分化为神经元修复创伤性脑损伤的研究进展

摘要

创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是目前世界范围内发生率、致残率、致死率日益增高的中枢神经系统疾病.TBI会影响神经元的完整性,使得神经元轴突受损或者神经元死亡,从而引起严重的后遗症.TBI后大脑皮质的星形胶质细胞(AST)会被激活为反应性星形胶质细胞(RAS),TBI早期RAS对损伤有一定的修复作用,然而大量增生后会形成胶质瘢痕,对损伤后神经功能修复有不良影响.因此,控制RAS的状态成为治疗TBI的关键.近年来,有研究证明利用转分化技术可以将RAS转分化为神经元,不仅能清除胶质瘢痕,还可以与损伤处微环境整合替代受损的神经元,这对TBI后神经功能修复有着重要的意义.笔者从RNS转分化的类型、TBI后RAS转分化为神经元的不同途径等角度进行综述,旨在对RAS转分化为神经元修复TBI的研究进展有更深入的了解.%Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a central nervous system disease with increasing incidence,morbidity and mortality worldwide.TBI can affect the integrity of neuron,causing neuronal axons damage or death of neurons,which results in serious sequelae.After TBI,astrocytes (AST) in the cerebral cortex will be activated into reactive astrocytes (RAS).RAS in the early stage of TBI has a certain repair effect on the injury.However,RAS will proliferate to form glial scars,which has adverse effects on nerve function repair after injury.Therefore,controlling the status of RAS is the key to the treatment of TBI.In recent years,it has been proved that RAS can be transdifferentiated into neurons by transdifferentiation technology,which can not only remove glial scars,but also integrate with the microenvironment at the injury site to replace the injured neurons,which is of great significance for the repair of nerve function after TBI.This article reviews the types of transdifferentiation and the different pathways of RAS transdifferentiation into neurons,aiming to have a better understanding of the research progress of RAS transdifferentiation into neurons to repair TBI.