骨科机器人导航手术的研究进展

摘要

骨科手术机器人精准治疗技术近三十年的发展,改变了传统的骨科治疗方式,受到世界各国的重视.骨科机器人导航手术是多学科交叉的结果,将计算机技术、工业自动化技术、智能化控制技术、电子信息技术、人体工程学与医学技术相互结合,为临床提供智能、微创、精准导航的手术技术,为患者提供高质量服务.纵观国内外骨科手术机器人的发展,随着软件设计及自动化技术的进步、机械臂精确性及灵活性的提高,相比于现有的各种手术导航技术,机器人可执行更为复杂的手术.笔者综述该领域的发展状况,简要介绍其发展史、导航原理及种类、临床应用及其不足之处,并展望未来的发展趋势,希望能为临床骨科手术机器人导航手术的研究提供参考.%After more than 30 years of development,the precise treatment technology of orthopedic surgical robot has changed the traditional orthopedic treatment methods and attracted worldwide attention.Orthopedic robotic navigation surgery is the result of multidisciplinary combination integrating computer,industrial automation,intelligent control,electronic information,ergonomics and medical technologies,so as to provide intelligent,minimally invasive and precise navigation technology for clinic surgery and high-quality service for patients.Throughout the development of orthopedic surgical robot at home and abroad,thanks to the progress of software design and automation technology as well as the improvement of accuracy and flexibility of manipulators,robots can perform more complex operations than existing surgical navigation technologies.This paper briefly reviews the history,navigation principles,types,clinical application and shortcomings,and the future development trend,hoping to provide reference for the research of robotic navigation surgery.