不同地区母乳中脂肪酸含量及初乳与成熟乳中脂肪酸含量的比较

摘要

背景:人乳中富含的长链多价不饱和脂肪酸(1ong chain polyunsaturated fatty acid,LCPUFAs)对婴儿的脑和视网膜的发育有着非常重要的作用,因此了解母乳中这些脂肪酸的含量十分必要.目的:研究中国不同地区母乳中多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturatedfatty acid,PUFA)含量的差别.设计:横断面研究.地点、对象和方法:选择上海市区和郊区以及浙江省舟山群岛3个地区的健康产妇共196例,其中上海市区产妇60例,上海郊区(崇明县)产妇40例,浙江省舟山群岛产妇96例.采用石英毛细管柱气相色谱法对母乳中PUFA的含量进行了测定.主要观察指标:上海市区、上海郊区和浙江舟山地区母乳中脂肪酸的含量以及初乳与成熟乳中脂肪酸含量的比较.结果:上海市区产妇成熟母乳中亚油酸的含量[(27.30±5.86)%]显著高于郊区崇明县产妇母乳中亚油酸的含量[(20.18±3.86)%],差异有非常显著性意义(t=6.770,P＜0.001),也显著高于浙江舟山地区成熟母乳中亚油酸的含量[(19.75±3.33)%](t=7.460,P＜0.001).而母乳中二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)的含量在浙江舟山地区[(0.68±0.23)%]显著高于上海市区[(0.42+0.19)%],差异有非常显著性意义(t=6.203,P＜0.001)和上海郊区母乳中DHA的含量[(0.42±0.16)%],差异有非常显著性意义(t=5.902,P＜0.001).母乳中α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)的含量在上海市区和郊县以及与浙江舟山地区之间差别无显著性意义(P＞0.05).初乳中AA和DHA的含量,分别为(0.77±0.15)%和(0.80±0.26)%,显著高于成熟乳中AA和DHA的含量[分别为(0.57±0.11)%,(0.68±0.23)%]差异有显著性意义(t=7.248,P＜0.001;t=2.236,P＜0.05).结论:不同地区由于饮食习惯不同,母乳中这些PUFA含量有较大差别.浙江舟山群岛居民由于膳食中鱼和海产类食物较多,故母乳中DHA 的含量较上海地区明显高,但亚油酸的含量却明显低于上海市区.%BACKGROUND: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid of breast milk is very important to the brain and retinal development of infants, so it is very necessary to study the contents of the fatty acid.OBJECTIVE: To explore the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in human breast milk from different regions of China.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING, PARTICIPANTS and INTERVENTION: Of the 196 human milk samples selected, 60 samples were obtained from healthy postpartum women in Shanghai urban districts, 40 from women of Shanghai suburb (Chongming County) and 96 from women of Zhoushan Islands, Zhejiang Province. The PUFA composition in human milk was analyzed by gas chromatograph fitted with a quartz capillary column.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The fatty acid composition of human milk from women from the 3 regions; comparison in the composition between colostrum and mature breast milk from the 3 regions.RESULTS: The content of linoleic acid(LA) in the mature breast milk from Shanghai urban women was(27.30 + 5.86)%, significantly higher than that from Shanghai suburban women[ (20. 18 ± 3.86)% ], ( t = 6. 7699, P ＜0. 001) and Zhonshan Islands women[ (19.75 ±3.33)% ], ( t =7. 4599, P ＜ 0. 001), whereas the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in the mature breast milk from Zhoushan Islands women was (0. 68 ± 0. 23)%, significantly higher than that from Shanghai urban women[(0.42+0.19)% ], (t=6. 2031, P ＜ 0. 001) and Shanghai suburban women[(0. 42 ±0. 16)% ],(t=5.9015, P ＜ 0.001) . There were no significant differences of α-linolenic acid(LNA) and arachidonic acid(AA) contents in the mature breast milk among the three regions. The contents of AA and DHA in colostrum were(0.77 ±0. 15)% and (0. 80 ±0. 26)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in mature breast milk[ (0. 57 ± 0. 11 )%,t =7. 2484, P ＜0.001 and (0.68 ±0. 23)%, t =2. 2358, P ＜0.05].CONCLUSION: The differences in PUFA composition of breast milk may be attributed to the different dietary habits in different countries and regions. More fish and seafood intake by Zhoushan Islands women may account for the relatively higher DHA level in their milk. Higher levels of AA and DHA in colostrum are much beneficial to the growth and development of newborn infants. Therefore, breast-feeding should be advocated.