社区人群预防脑血管病健康教育效果评价

摘要

目的:探索适合中国城市社区的脑血管疾病预防与控制措施,并评价其效果. 方法:按类试验设计,于 1991年在北京、上海和长沙 3城市各选取 10万社区人群,开展我国社区人群脑血管病危险因素综合性干预试验.各城市再随机分为干预和对照社区各 5万人,使得两社区框架人群年龄性别构成相似."九五"期间( 1996- 2000),在 3城市干预社区开展以健康教育为主的预防脑血管病综合性干预措施,按类试验设计评价其对社区人群知识、态度和行为水平的影响. 结果:干预后 3地人群和高血压人群 KAB水平均分分别净提高 6.01(Z=9.36,P< 0.01)和 6.12(Z=5.96,P< 0.01)分,均有统计学差异.高血压人群的 3个月以内测压及规律服药人数比例干预后分别净提高 9.65 % (Z=2.49, P< 0.05)和 7.33 % (Z=1.94, P >0.05),前者有统计学差异. 结论:健康教育能提高人群预防脑血管病知识、态度和行为水平,对预防脑血管病具有重要的意义,并且尤为适合我国城市社区.%AIM:To explore the prevention and control measures of cerebrovascular diseases(CVD) suitable for the urban communities in China and to evaluate their effects. METHODS:A comprehensive intervention trial on the risk factors of CVD was conducted in 1991 in a total of 300 000 community population from Beijing,Shanghai and Changsha respectively.The subjects were randomly divided into intervention groups and control groups respectively.A comprehensive community-based intervention with health education as the major measure for CVD prevention was carried out in the communities of the 3 cities during the periods of the Ninth "Five-year" Plan(1996- 2000),and its effect on the knowledge,attitude and behavior(KAB) of the community population were evaluated according to quasi-trial designation. RESULTS:The net KAB level was significantly increased by 6.01(Z=9.36,P< 0.01) in the 3 cities and by 6.12(Z=5.96,P< 0.01) in hypertensive patients after intervention.The ratios of hypertensive patients who took blood pressure measurement within 3 months and who reported regular use of anti-hypertension drugs for therapy increased by 9.65 % (Z=2.49,P< 0.05) and 7.33 % (Z=1.94, P >0.05) respectively after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Health education promotes the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior toward CVD, which is of great importance for preventing CVD in the urban communities in China.