BACKGROUND: Gong's nonverbal intelligence test(GNIT) is a nonverbal and cross-cultural test of intelligence designed primarily to suit the use in the minority groups and those with linguistic difficulties by Professor Gong Yao-xian. At present 5 unified norms of the minority groups as well as norms of Chinese Han children and adult aged below 55 years have been developed, but the norms for the elderly above 56 years of age are not available. Nonverbal intelligence test is especially suitable for the elderly and has therefore wide applications.OBJECTIVE: To establish regional norms of the GNIT for healthy elderly people above 56 to enable the completion of nonverbal intelligence test norms suitable for each age groups.DESIGN: A controlled study with stratified sampling of healthy elderly retirees over 56 years of age in the community.SETTING: Department of Physiology in Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology; Center for Psychology, Xiangya Second Hospital,Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: Healthy elderly retirees above 56 years of age in Luoyang cityor the counties were selected on a voluntary basis with stratified sampling according to the proportion of each region. The selected subjects aged between 56 and 101 years, and 8 age groups were divided at the interval of 5 years(about 200 people in each age group). Totally 1 460 subjects were selected, including 679 male and 781 female subjects.METHODS: With the instruments and manual of GNIT, the subjects were tested for color identification, classification, blank-filling with numbers or graphs, characters and encoding tests. The results were original scores, scale scores and intelligence quotient.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The norms of GNIT for the elderly above 56 years of age.RESULTS: The norms included three scores, namely the original scores, scale scores and standard deviation scores. To test of reliability and validity of the norms, retest was performed in 40 1 or 2 weeks after the initial test, resulting in the test-retest reliability coefficient ranging from 0.59 to 0. 89, with the total test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.83. The correlation coefficients the original scores between the subtests ranged from 0. 35 to 0. 63, and the correlation coefficients between the standard deviation scores of the verbal intelligence quotient(VIQ), performance intelligence quotient(PIQ) and full intelligence quotient(FIQ) of Wechster intelligence scale for children(WAIC-RC) were 0.43,0.51 and 0.54 respectiyely, based on a study of a sample of 50 elderly subjects.CONCLUSION: Primary regional norms of GNIT for elderly subjects above 56 years of age have been established to measure mainly the perception and reasoning factors loaded with also visual motor psychological factors and abstract summary factors, with satisfactory reliability and validity equivalent to similar tests.%背景:非文字智力测验(或非文字智力量表)是龚耀先教授为中国少数民族人群和有语言障碍者所编制的非文字智力量表和跨文化智力量表.现在已有了五少数民族联合常模、汉族儿童常模及55岁以下成人常模.目前缺乏56岁以上老年组常模,而非文字智力测验尤其适合老年群体,在该人群中有广泛的应用前景.目的:建立56岁以上老年组非文字智力测验的区域性常模,使我国拥有一套从儿童到老年较完整的非文字智力测验常模.设计:以社区56岁以上健康离退休老人为观察对象.分层抽样,对照研究.单位:河南科技大学医学院生理学教研室,中南大学湘雅二医院心理中心.对象:以洛阳市及郊县56岁以上健康离退休老人为研究对象.按照自觉自愿的原则,分层取样,样本接近各区比例.研究对象年龄在56～101岁之间,每5岁为一年龄段,共分8个年龄段,每个年龄段约200人左右,共1 460人.其中男679人,女781人.方法:用龚氏非文字智力测验工具和手册,分别对每个人进行认数辨色、分类、填图、填数、接龙和编码测验.得到三个结果:粗分、量表分和智商.主要观察指标:建立了56岁以上老年组非文字智力测验常模.结果:分三种常模,即原始分、离差量表分和离差标准分.信度和效度检验结果:40名老人相隔1～2周进行重测,各分测验之间的原始分重测相关系数为0.59～0.89之间,总原始分重测相关系数为0.83;各分测验原始分两两相关系数为0.35～0.63之间;50名老人在本测验的标准分与我国修订的韦氏成人智力量表分的言语智商,操作智商和总智商的相关系数分别为0.43,0.51和0.54.结论:本研究建立了非文字智力测验的56岁以上老年人群的初步区域性常模,该常模主要测量了知觉和推理因素,同时也负荷了视觉心理运动速度因素和抽象概括因素.信度和效度都比较满意,均达到了同类测验水平.
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