背景:父母养育方式对子女的心理发展有着深刻而长远的作用.目的:探讨父母养育方式及相关因素与医学生心理健康水平的关系.设计:以医学生为研究对象的横断面调查研究.单位:一所师范学院临床医学院心理学教研室.对象:于2002年12月在杭州师范学院医学院完成.调查对象为2000-2002级165名学生.其中大专生106名,本科生59名;男生98名,女生67名;最小年龄19岁,最大年龄24岁;双亲家庭161个(97.60%),单亲家庭4个(2.40%);独生子女53个(32.10%),非独生子女112个(67.90%).方法:采用父母养育方式问卷、症状自评量表对165名医学生的父母养育方式和心理健康水平进行测查,在社会科学统计软件包SPSS10.0支持下作相关分析和多元逐步回归分析.主要观察指标:父母养育方式问卷中父亲情感温暖和理解、父亲惩罚和严厉、父亲过分干涉、父亲偏爱、父亲拒绝否认、父亲过度保护、母亲情感温暖和理解、母亲过分干涉、母亲过度保护、母亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚和严厉、母亲偏爱共11个因子的测试分和父母关系、家庭经济收入、家庭类型等父母养育方式相关因素的选择情况;症状自评量表中躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子和总均分的测试分.结果:相关分析显示父亲惩罚严厉与躯体化、人际敏感呈显著正相关(r=0.186,r=0.162);母亲惩罚严厉与人际敏感呈显著正相关(r=0.185);父亲偏爱与强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、精神病性、总均分呈显著正相关(r=0 161,0.243,0.224,0.182,0.166,0.193);母亲偏爱与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.132);父亲过度保护与抑郁、焦虑、总均分呈显著正相关(r=0.177,0.204,0.162);母亲拒绝否认与人际敏感呈显著正相关(r=0.162);父亲情感温暖与焦虑、敌对呈显著负相关(r=-0.187,-0.241).以父母养育方式及相关因素对SCL-90总均分的多元逐步回归分析结果显示母亲文化程度和父亲过度保护的养育方式进入回归方程(β=-0.269,P=0.001;β=-0.187,P=0.016).结论:父母惩罚严厉、父母偏爱、父亲过度保护及母亲拒绝否认的养育方式不利于医学生的心理健康,父亲情感温暖的养育方式有利于提高医学生的心理健康水平;父亲过度保护和母亲文化程度对医学生心理健康的影响更为重要.因此大学生心理卫生工作应延伸到对父母进行养育方式的指导.%BACKGROUND: Parental rearing styles has profound and long-range effects on the mental development of their children.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between parental rearing styles and its correlative factors and the mental health of medical students.DESIGN: A transactional survey study based on medical students.SETTING: Department of psychology in a clinical medical college of a normal school.PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in the faculty of medicine of Hangzhou Normal School in December 2002. Totally 165 students of grade 2000-2002 including 106 college students, 59 undergraduates, and 98males, 67 females were selected as subjects. The youngest was 19 years old and the oldest was 24 years old. Totally 161 students had both parents (97.60%), 4 students had single parent (2.40%), 53 students were the only child of their family (32. 10%), and 112 students were not the only child of the family (67.90%).METHODS: Egna minnen barndoms uppfostran(EMBU) and symptom checklist 90(SCL-90) was introduced to evaluate the parental rearing styles and the mental health level in 165 medical students. SPSS 10.0 software was used for correlation analysis and multifactor stepwise regression analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores for 11 factors in EMBU including father' s emotional warmth and understanding, father' s punishment and stringency, father' s excessive interference, father' s favoritism, father' s rejection of deny, father' s excessive protection, mother' s emotional warmth and understanding, mother' s excessive interference, mother' s excessive protection, mother' s punishment and stringency, and mother' s favoritism, and the selection status of the factors correlated with the parental rearing styles including the relationship between father and mother, family income, and family type, etc. Total mean and scores for 9 factors in SCL-90 including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paraniod ideation and psychoticism.RESULTS: Correlation analysis displayed that there was significant positive correlation between father' s punishment and stringency and somatization,sensitive human relationship(r=0. 186, r=0. 162), between mother' s punishment and stringency and sensitive human relationship( r =0. 185),between father' s favoritism and obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paraniod ideation and psychoticism factor and total mean( r = 0. 161, 0. 243, 0. 224, 0. 182,0. 166, 0. 193), between mother' s favoritism and depression( r=0.132),between father' s excessive protection and depression, anxiety, and total mean( r = 0. 177, 0. 204, 0. 162), and between mother's rejection of deny and sensitive human relationship( r = 0. 162) . There was significant negative correlation between father' s emotional warmth and anxiety, hostile ( r =-0. 187,-0. 241 ). As indicated by multifactor stepwise regression analysis for the impacts of parental rearing styles and its correlative factors on SCL-90 total mean, rearing styles including mother' s education background and father' s excessive protection entered into regression equation (β= -0. 269, P =0. 001; β=-0. 187, P=0. 016).CONCLUSION: Parents' punishment and stringency, parents' favoritism, father' s excessive protection and mother' s rejection of deny are not good for the mental health of medical students. Father' s emotional warmth is good for the improvement of mental health in medical students. The impacts of father' s excessive protection and mother' s education background are even more important to the mental health of medical students. Hence, the improvement of mental health in students should extend to the instruction of parental rearing styles.
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