BACKGROUND:Tumor markers are of great significance in early diagnosis of cancer, screening of high risk group with cancer, differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors, judgment of cancer progression, evaluation of cancer therapeutic effect and prediction of cancer recurrence and prognosis. OBJECTIVE:To realize the importance of tumor marker for cancer early diagnosis by introducing the working principle and clinical application of silicon nanowires biosensor in detecting tumor markers. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed, CNKI and Google Scholar Databases to retrieve relevant articles about tumor marker, working principle and application of silicon nanowires biosensor published from 2003 to 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Silicon nanowires biosensors with high sensitivity and without secondary marks show a good application prospect in detecting tumor markers. They have been used to detect tumor markers for prostate cancer, breast cancer, tumor markers of colorectal cancer, and primary liver cancer, and achieved an ideal limit of detection. However, due to the influence of debye length, most of detections can only be performed in the standard solution. There is a lack of the serum data of cancer patients.%背景：肿瘤标记物检测对于原发肿瘤的早期诊断、肿瘤高危人群的筛选、良性和恶性肿瘤的鉴别、肿瘤发展程度的判断、肿瘤治疗效果的评价及肿瘤预后和复发的预测等方面具有重要意义。 目的：介绍硅纳米线生物传感器的检测原理和标记物检测实例，为硅纳米线生物传感器最终应用于肿瘤标记物临床提供理论支持。 方法：由第一作者检索PubMed数据库、中国知网数据库和谷歌学术搜索数据库等2003至2013年有关肿瘤标记物、硅纳米线生物传感器检测应用等方面的文章。 结果与结论：硅纳米线生物传感器具有超高的敏感度、无需二次标记等优势，已被应用于前列腺癌肿瘤标记物、乳腺癌肿瘤标记物、结直肠癌肿瘤标记物、原发性肝癌肿瘤标记物等的检测，展现了良好的应用前景，获得了十分理想的检测限。但由于德拜长度等因素的影响，目前大多数应用只能停留在对标准品溶液的检测，缺乏对临床肿瘤患者血清的检测数据。
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