聚乙烯醇及其复合材料在组织工程支架中的应用

摘要

背景：聚乙烯醇是具有良好生物相容性和生物降解特性的聚合物，因其水溶性、成膜性、乳化性、胶黏性，而且无味无毒，被广泛用于临床领域。　　目的：综述聚乙烯醇及其复合材料在骨、软骨、皮肤、血管等组织工程支架中的应用。　　方法：由第一作者检索2000年1月至2011年12月中国知网数据库、1980年1月至2012年12月Pubmed数据库及 Elsevier数据库中，有关聚乙烯醇及其复合材料在骨、软骨、皮肤、血管等组织工程支架中应用的文章，中文关键词为“聚乙烯醇，复合材料，组织工程支架”，英文关键词为“Poly (vinyl alcohol)，composite material, tissue engineering scaffold”。　　结果与结论：虽然聚乙烯醇及其复合材料还存在强度不够高、植入后有并发症等缺点，但这类材料具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解特性，在组织工程中的应用从实验室到临床前研究都有很大的进展。对于其修复的长期效果还需要进一步深入研究。通过对材料表面进行修饰，改善细胞与支架材料的相互作用；通过模拟细胞生长微环境，制备仿生材料，提高材料的亲水性、对细胞的黏附性，促进细胞的分化增殖；构建具有可控三维多孔结构的支架，并赋予其控制释放细胞生长因子等功能，更好地仿生天然细胞外基质的结构和功能；制备出降解速度与机械强度能够完全适应组织再生需要的支架，研制复合、仿生材料是今后支架材料研究的主要方向。%BACKGROUND:Polyvinyl alcohol is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. It is widely used in clinical areas because of its water-soluble, film forming, emulsification, adhesiveness, tasteless, and nontoxic. OBJECTIVE:To review the applications of polyvinyl alcohol and its composite materials in bone, cartilage, skin, vessels and other tissue engineering scaffolds. METHODS:A computer-based online search of CNKI database from January 2000 to December 2011, PubMed database and Elsevier (ScienceDirect) database from January 1980 to December 2012, was performed by the first author with key words of“poly(vinyl alcohol), composite material, tissue engineering scaffold”both in Chinese and English. Literatures concerning polyvinyl alcohol and its composite materials in bone, cartilage, skin, vessels and other tissue engineering scaffolds were included, and repetitive research was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Although there are not enough strength, complications and other shortcomings in vivo, due to its good biocompatibility and biodegradable properties, polyvinyl alcohol and its composite materials have made great progress in tissue engineering applications from the laboratory to the pre-clinical research. But its long-term effects need further research. It wil be a main research aim of scaffold materials in the future to improve the interaction of cel s with the scaffold materials by surface modification, to prepare biomimetic materials by cel microenvironment simulation, to improve the hydrophilicity, the adhesion of cel s, and cel differentiation and proliferation, to bionic the structure and function of the natural extracel ular matrix by building three-dimensional porous structure and control ing the release of cel growth factors, to meet the need of tissue regeneration by congruity or harmony of degradation and mechanical strength.